一、前言
Python assert(断言)用于判断一个表达式,在表达式条件为 false 的时候触发异常。
二、异常
即便 Python 程序的语法是正确的,在运行它的时候,也有可能发生错误。运行期检测到的错误被称为异常
三、异常处理
3.1 try/except
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try :
# age_str = input("====>")
# age = int(age_str)
# l1 = []
# l1[2]
d1 = {}
d1[ "name" ]
except ValueError as e:
print (e)
except IndexError as e:
print (e)
except KeyError as e:
print ( "KeyError:" , e)
except Exception as e:
print ( "其他未知异常" )
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3.2 try/except ... else
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# 异常的其他结构
s = "a"
s = 1
try :
int (s)
except ValueError as e:
print (e)
except KeyError as e:
print (e)
except IndexError as e:
print (e)
except Exception as e:
print ( "捕获未知异常" )
else :
print ( "try 包含的代码块没有异常,执行else 里面的代码" )
finally :
print ( "执行finally 的代码,通常用于释放资源" )
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3.3 try-finally
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s = "a"
try :
int (s)
except ValueError as e:
print (e)
finally :
print ( "执行finally 的代码,通常用于释放资源" )
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四、抛出异常
4.1 raise
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# 主动触发异常
try :
raise TypeError( "这个异常是主动触发的" )
except TypeError as e:
print (e)
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五、用户自定义异常
自定义异常需要继承自 BaseException; (Exception 也 继承自 BaseException)
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# 自定义异常
class MyException(BaseException):
def __init__( self , msg):
self .msg = msg
def __str__( self ):
return "<MyException:{}>" . format ( self .msg)
try :
raise MyException( "自定义异常" )
except MyException as e:
print (e)
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六、断言 assert
程序某处判断结果,如果判断结果为 False; 抛出 AssertionError, 效果相当于 if 进行判断,再抛出异常
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assert 1 = = 2
if 1 ! = 2 :
raise AssertionError
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30346413/article/details/116881550