系统环境准备
开发组件与依赖库安装
安装centos时选择server with gui，右面的可以不勾选，后面统一来装
配置本地yum源
以上包如果缺乏可配置本地yum源进行安装
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sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cat cdrom.repo
[c7-media]
name=isofile
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-centos-7
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv centos-base.repo centos-base.repo-bak
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv centos-media.repo centos-media.repo-bak
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv cdrom.repo centos-media.repo
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配置好yum源后开始安装依赖库，如下
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yum install glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-devel pdksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++
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关闭防火墙
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[galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl stop firewalld.service
[galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl disable firewalld.service
removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.firewalld1.service.
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关闭selinux
编辑/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件，保存退出后执行 setenforce 0命令
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vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
selinux=disabled
#selinuxtype=targeted #注释掉
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创建oracle用户、修改系统参数
创oracle建用户和组
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[root@localhost galen]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost galen]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost galen]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba oracle
[root@localhost galen]# passwd oracle
[root@localhost galen]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
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系统参数设置
官方推荐值：
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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912 #推荐超过一半的物理内存
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
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通过 /sbin/sysctl -a |grep xxx 查看系统各参数，如果大于官方推荐值不修改，如果小于官方推荐值则修改为官方推荐值，写入/etc/sysctl.conf文件中，使用sysctl -p使其生效，示例如下
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[root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
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修改资源限制如下
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[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2048
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
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添加以下内容到/etc/pam.d/login
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[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
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添加以下内容到/etc/profile
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[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
if [[ $user = "oracle" ]]; then
if [[ $shell = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
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保存后执行source /etc/profile生效
配置oracle用户环境变量，在/home/oracle/.bash_profile中加入如下内容
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[root@localhost ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export oracle_base=/u01/app/oracle
export oracle_home=$oracle_base/product/11.2.0/db_1
export oracle_sid=orcl
export path=$oracle_home/bin:$oracle_home/opatch:$oracle_home/jdk/bin:$path
export lang="en_us.utf-8"
export nls_lang=american_america.utf8
export nls_date_format="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
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创建oracle安装目录
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mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -r oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -r 775 /u01/app
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安装oracle 11g
挂载oracle11g安装包iso（也可以通过其他方式将oracle安装包传到主机），将安装文件复制到oracle home目录下，修改文件权限给oracle用户
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[root@localhost /]# mkdir /mnt/oracle11g
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/oracle11g/
[root@localhost /]# cp -r /mnt/oracle11g /home/oracle/
# 复制到oracle home目录下并修改权限
[root@localhost oracle]# chown -r oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle11g/
[root@localhost oracle]# chmod -r 775 /home/oracle/oracle11g/
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接下来使用oracle用户登录桌面
执行./runinstaller开始安装，centos 7安装的时候错误弹框有时候会变成一条竖线，安装无法进行下去，所以运行时执行
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./runinstaller -jreloc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0
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每项操作如下
[configure security updates] 取消勾选 i wish to receive security updates via my oracle support，next
[installation option] install database software only，next
[grid options] next
[product languages] next
[enterprise edition] next
[installation location] next
[create inventory] next
[operating system groups] next
[prerequisite checks] next
[summary] finish，开始安装oracle 11g
安装到84%的时候可能会出现ins_ctx.mk相关的错误，如下
修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk文件
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# 源文件
ctxhx: $(ctxhxobj)
$(link_ctxhx) $(ctxhxobj) $(inso_link)
# 修改为
ctxhx: $(ctxhxobj)
-static $(link_ctxhx) $(ctxhxobj) $(inso_link) /usr/lib64/stdc.a
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修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk文件
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# 源文件
$(sysmanbin)emdctl:
$(mk_emagent_nmectl)
# 修改为
$(sysmanbin)emdctl:
$(mk_emagent_nmectl) -lnnz11
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retry继续安装到94%时，弹出
使用root用户ssh到主机到上述目录分别执行orainstroot.sh与root.sh，执行root.sh时根据提示填入路径
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin，执行完成后到ui点击ok，安装完成
环境配置脚本
- 使用root用户登录
- 确保系统iso驱动器已连接（/dev/cdrom可mount）
- 复制脚本到主机并给予可执行权限，执行脚本完成后即可开始安装oracle 11g
oracle 11g环境配置脚本
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#!/bin/bash
# 配置yum源为本地iso
function set_yum_media() {
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
for repo_file in `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep -v media`
do
new_file=$repo_file.bak
mv $repo_file $new_file
done
mkdir -p /mnt/media-dir
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/media-dir
sed -i -e 's/baseurl=file:\/\/\/.*/baseurl=file:\/\/\/mnt\/media-dir\//g' -e 's/enabled=0/enabled=1/g' `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep media`
cd -
rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid
yum -y update
}
function install_packages() {
for package in glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-devel pdksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++
do
yum -y install $package
done
}
function create_oracle_user() {
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -g dba oracle
# 设置oracle用户密码为oracle
echo oracle|passwd --stdin oracle
}
function set_system_parm() {
sed -i '$a\fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\fs.file-max = 6815744' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.shmall = 2097152' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmax = 536870912' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmni = 4096' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_max = 1048586' /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
}
function set_system_limit_parm() {
sed -i '$a\oracle soft nproc 2048' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle hard nproc 16384' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle soft nofile 1024' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle hard nofile 65536' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle soft stack 10240' /etc/security/limits.conf
}
function set_profile_parm() {
sed -i '$a\session required pam_limits.so' /etc/pam.d/login
sed -i '$a\if [[ $user = "oracle" ]]; then' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ if [[ $shell = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ ulimit -p 16384' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ ulimit -n 65536' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ else' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ fi' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\fi' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
}
function set_oracle_env() {
sed -i '$a\export oracle_base=/u01/app/oracle' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export oracle_home=$oracle_base/product/11.2.0/db_1' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export oracle_sid=orcl' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export path=$oracle_home/bin:$oracle_home/opatch:$oracle_home/jdk/bin:$path' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export lang="en_us.utf-8"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export nls_lang=american_america.utf8' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export nls_date_format="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
}
function create_oracle_dir() {
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -r oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -r 775 /u01/app
}
function disable_firewall() {
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
sed -i "s/selinux=enforcing/selinux=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
setenforce 0
}
if [ `whoami` == "root" ]
then
set_yum_media
install_packages
create_oracle_user
echo "set system parm"
set_system_parm
echo "set limits"
set_system_limit_parm
echo "set /etc/profile"
set_profile_parm
echo "set oracle env"
set_oracle_env
echo "create oracle dir"
create_oracle_dir
echo "disable firwall"
disable_firewall
fi
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原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/tongh/p/13789625.html