A.3 词法分析器

包 lexer 是词法分析器的代码的扩展。类 Tag 定义了各个词法单元对应的常量。

   1:  package lexer;

   2:  public class Tag {

   3:      public final static int

   4:          AND = 256 , BASIC = 257 , BREAK = 258 , DO = 259 , ELSE = 260 ,

   5:          EQ = 261 , FALSE = 262 , GE = 263 , ID = 264 , IF = 265 ,

   6:          INDEX = 266 , LE = 267 , MINUS = 268 , NE = 269 , NUM = 270 ,

   7:          OR = 271 , REAL = 272 , TEMP = 273 , TRUE = 274 , WHILE = 275 ;

   8:  }

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

其中的三个常量 INDEX、MINUS、和TEMP不是词法单元他们将在抽象语法树中使用。

类Token和Num增加了方法toString;

   1:  package lexer;

   2:  public class Token {

   3:      public final static int tag;

4:

   5:      public Token(int t){

   6:          tag=t;

   7:      }

8:

   9:      public String toString(){

  10:          return ""+(char)tag;

  11:      }

  12:  }

13:

  14:  package lexer;                             //文件 Num.java

  15:  public class Num extends Token{

  16:      public final value;

17:

  18:      public Num(int v){

  19:          super(Tag.NUM);

  20:          value=v;

  21:      }

22:

  23:      public String toString(){

  24:          return "" + value;

  25:      }

  26:  }

类Word用于管理保留字、标识符和像 && 这样的复合词法单元的词素。它也可以用来管理在中间代码中运算符的书写符号形式；比如单目减号。例如，原文件中的 –2 的中间形式是minus 2.

   1:  package lexer;

   2:  public class Word extends Token{

   3:      public String lexeme = "";

4:

   5:      public Word(String s ,int tag){

   6:          super(tag);

   7:          lexeme = s;

   8:      }

9:

  10:      public String toString(){

  11:          return lexeme;

  12:      }

13:

  14:      public static final Word

  15:          and = new Word("&&",Tag.AND), or = new Word("||",Tag.OR),

  16:          eq = new Word("==",Tag.EQ), ne = new Word("!=",Tag.NE),

  17:          le = new Word("<=",Tag.LE), ge = new Word(">=",Tag.GE),

  18:          minus = new Word("minus",Tag.MINUS),

  19:          True = new Word("true",Tag.TRUE),

  20:          False = new Word("false",Tag.FAlSE),

  21:          temp = new Word("t",Tag.TEMP);

  22:  }

类Real用于处理浮点数：

   1:  package lexer;

   2:  public class Real extends Token{

   3:      public final float value;

4:

   5:      public Real(float v){

   6:          super(Tag.REAL);

   7:          value = v;

   8:      }

9:

  10:      public String toString(){

  11:          return "" + value;

  12:      }

  13:  }

类Lexer的主方法，即函数scan，识别数字、标识符和保留字。

类Lexer中的第9~13行保留了关键字。第14~16行保留了在其他地方定义的对象的词素。对象Word.True和Word.False在类Word中定义。对应于基本类型 int 、char、bool 和 float 的对象在类 Type 中定义。类Type 是Word 的一个子类。类 Type 来自包 symbols .

   1:  package lexer;                     //文件Lexer.java

   2:  import java.io.*;

   3:  import java.util.*;

   4:  import symbols.*;

   5:  public class Lexer{

   6:      public static int line = 1;

   7:      char peek = ' ';

   8:      Hashtable words = new Hashtalbe();

9:

  10:      void reverse(Word w){

  11:          words.put(w.lexeme,w);

  12:      }

13:

  14:      public Lexer(){

  15:          reverse(new Word("if",Tag.IF));

  16:          reverse(new Word("else",Tag.ELSE));

  17:          reverse(new Word("while",Tag.WHILE));

  18:          reverse(new Word("do",Tag.DO));

  19:          reverse(new Word("break",Tag.BREAK));

  20:          reverse(Word.True);

  21:          reverse(Word.False);

  22:          reverse(Word.Int);

  23:          reverse(Word.Char);

  24:          reverse(Word.Bool);

  25:          reverse(Word.Float);

  26:  }

函数readch()(第18行)用于把下一个输入字符读到变量peek中。名字readch被复用或重载，（第19~24行），以便帮助识别复合的词法单元。比如，一看到输入字符<，调用readch(“=”)就会把下一个字符读入peek，并检查它是否为=。

   1:  void readch() throws IOException{

   2:      peek=(char) System.in.read();

   3:  }

4:

   5:  boolean readch(char c)throws IOException{

   6:      readch();

   7:      if(peek != c)

   8:          return false;

   9:      peek = ' ';

  10:      return true;

  11:  }

函数scan一开始首先略过所有的空白字符（第26~30行）。它首先试图识别像<=这样的复合词法单元（第31~34行）和项365这样的数字（第45~58行）。如果不成功，他就试图读入一个字符串（第59~70行）。

   1:  public Token scan() throws IOException{

   2:      for( ; ; readch()){

   3:          if(peek == ' '|| peek == '\t')

   4:              continue;

   5:          else if(peek == '\n')

   6:              line=line+1;

   7:          else

   8:              break;

9:

  10:          switch(peek){

  11:              case '&':

  12:                  if(readch('&'))

  13:                      return Word.and;

  14:                  else

  15:                      return new Token('&');

  16:              case '|':

  17:                  if(readch('|'))

  18:                      return Word.or;

  19:                  else

  20:                      return new Token('|');

  21:              case '=':

  22:                  if(readch('='))

  23:                      return Word.eq;

  24:                  else

  25:                      return new Token('=');

  26:              case '!':

  27:                  if(readch('!'))

  28:                      return Word.ne;

  29:                  else

  30:                      return new Token('!');

  31:              case '<':

  32:                  if(readch('<'))

  33:                      return Word.le;

  34:                  else

  35:                      return new Token('<');

  36:              case '>':

  37:                  if(readch('>'))

  38:                      return Word.ge;

  39:                  else

  40:                      return new Token('>');

  41:          }

42:

  43:          if(Character.isDigit(peek)){

  44:              int v=0;

  45:              do{

  46:                  v=10*v=Character.digit(peek,10);

  47:                  readch();

  48:              }while(Character.isDigit(peek));

49:

  50:              if(peek!='.')

  51:                  return new Num(v);

  52:              float x= v;

  53:              float d=10;

  54:              for( ; ; ){

  55:                  readch();

  56:                  if(! Character.isDigit(peek))

  57:                      break;

  58:                  x=x+Character.digit(peek,10)/d;

  59:                  d=d*10;

  60:              }

  61:              return new Real(x);

  62:          }

63:

  64:          if(Character.isLetter(peek)){

  65:              StringBuffer b=new StringBuffer();

  66:              do{

  67:                  b.append(peek);

  68:                  readch();

  69:              }while(Character.isLetterOrDigit(peek));

  70:              String s=b.toString();

  71:              Word w=(Word)words.get(s);

  72:              if(w!=null)

  73:                  return w;

  74:              w = new Word(s,Tag.ID);

  75:              words.put(s,w);

  76:              return w;

  77:          }

  78:          Token tok=new Token(peek);

  79:          peek=' ';

  80:          return tok;

  81:      }

  82:  }

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A.3 词法分析器

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