1、路由控制简单配置
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
]
import re
re.search('^articles/2003/$', 'article/2003') # 可以匹配到 匹配开头结尾
re.search('^articles/2003/$', 'article/2003/yun/1992') # 匹配不到
re.search('^articles/2003/', 'article/2003/yun/1991') # 可以匹配到 只匹配开头
2.有名分组
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})', views.year_archive), # year_archive(request,1992)
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})', views.year_archive), # year_archive(request,1992)
re_path(r'^articles/[0-9]{4}', views.year_archive2), # year_archive(request)
3
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,1992,08)
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,1992,08)
注意：
- 若要从URL 中捕获一个值，只需要在它周围放置一对圆括号。
- 不需要添加一个前导的反斜杠，因为每个URL 都有。例如，应该是
^articles而不是^/articles。 - 每个正则表达式前面的'r' 是可选的但是建议加上。它告诉Python 这个字符串是“原始的” —— 字符串中任何字符都不应该转义
规范写法
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),
]
4
2.有名分组:关键字参数
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,1992,08)
re_path(r'^articles/(?P<y>[0-9]{4})/(?P<m>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,y=2009,m=08)
3、分发
主url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path, include urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls), # 路由分发：
re_path(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls')), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/timer/
re_path(r'^', include('app01.urls')), # http://127.0.0.1:8000/timer/ # 多个url对应一个view ]
app01的urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('timer/', views.timer), # views.timer(request) # 路由配置： 路径---->视图函数
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive), # year_archive(request,1992)
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,1992,08)
re_path(r'^articles/(?P<y>[0-9]{4})/(?P<m>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,y=2009,m=08) ]
3.路由控制之登录验证
1) urls.py
2)view.py
3)templates
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{#<form action="" method="post"> 如果不写默认为当前页面，同源策略#}
<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/login" method="post">
username <input type="text" name="user">
password <input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit">
</form> </body>
</html>
4) runserver 启动，访问
5）提交 CSRF错误
def login(request):
print(request)
print(request.method) # 打印提交方式 if request.method == 'GET':
print(request.GET) # get方式 url 提交的数据
print(request.POST)
return render(request, 'login.html')
elif request.method == 'POST':
print(request.GET)
print(request.POST) # post方式 form表单 提交的数据
# <QueryDict: {'user': ['jack'], 'pwd': ['23']}> user = request.POST.get('user') # dict的get方法
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') if user == 'jack' and pwd == '':
return HttpResponse('<h1>登录成功成功</h1>')
else:
return HttpResponse('<h1>error username or password</h1>')
4）路由控制之反向解析
方式1：增加别名name='Login'
方式2：view函数内，反向解析
# 路由配置： 路径---->视图函数
re_path(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003, name='s_c_2003'), # special_case_2003(request)
re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive, name='year_a'),
def special_case_2003(request):
url = reverse('s_c_2003') # 反向解析 name: /articles/2003/
print(url) return HttpResponse('special_case_2003') def year_archive(request, year):
# url = reverse('year_a') # 反向解析year_a :
url = reverse('year_a', args=(4000,)) # 需要传递参数的：app01/articles/([0-9]{4})
print(url)
return HttpResponse('year_archive ' + year)
2.
view中的反向解析，可以在任何地方解析
4.名称空间
1.why
python manage.py startapp app02 # 创建一个新的app app02
如果此时app01 也存在个index
如果两个index都有name
因为存在url的先后问题，后面的会覆盖前面的，所以访问到的是app02的 url
2、how
include函数源码
urls代码
re_path(r'^app01/', include(('app01.urls', 'app01'))), # 元组
re_path(r'^app02/', include(('app02.urls', 'app02'))),
views视图
def index(request):
url = reverse('app02:index')
return HttpResponse(url)
5、url控制器之path方法 django2.0版
1.why
3.path方法：给输入的url限定数据类型格式
#re_path(r'^articles/(?P<y>[0-9]{4})/(?P<m>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,y=2009,m=08)
path(r'articles/<int:y>/<int:m>/', views.month_archive), # year_archive(request,y=2009,m=08)
# path方法 无^ $匹配
如果path方法写上 ^ $ ,或者 输入的是字符串的话
限定为str格式
特殊字符
?是get方法的标志
6、path自定义转化器
自定义：新建一个urlconvert文件
class MyConvert:
regex = "[0-9]{2}" # regex 类属性，字符串类型 不可以变 def to_python(self, value):
return value def to_url(self, value): # 反向解析
return "%04d" % value
使用register_converter 将其注册到URL配置中：
from django.urls import path, re_path, include, register_converter from app01.urlconvert import MyConvert # 注册定义的url转换器
register_converter(MyConvert, 'mm') from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('articles/<mm:month>', views.path_month), # path_month(request, month),
]
10. URL控制总结
1、路由分发
主url文件
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path, include urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# path(r'^app01/$', include(('app01.urls', 'app01'))) 错误
re_path(r'^app01/', include(('app01.urls', 'app01'))) # path 是2.0用法
# re_path 是1.0 用法，# include可以起作用 # 路由分发， r'^app01/' $不可以添加
]
app01的url
from django.urls import path, re_path, include from app01 import views urlpatterns = [
# path(r'index/', views.index, name='index') # 不可用
re_path(r'^index/$', views.index, name='index') # r'^index/$' 必须加入^ $ 开头 结尾符号
]
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