Httpd服务入门知识-Httpd服务常见配置案例之定义站点主页面及错误页面配置

　　　　　　Httpd服务入门知识-Httpd服务常见配置案例之定义站点主页面及错误页面配置

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

一.定义站点主页面

[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep DirectoryIndex
    DirectoryIndex index.html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# ll /data/www/html/
total
-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec   : index.html
-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec   : info.html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# cat /data/www/html/index.html
/data/www/html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# cat /data/www/html/info.html
<h1>尹正杰到此一游</h1>
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep DirectoryIndex
    DirectoryIndex info.html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[[e-mail] ~]#

二.错误页面配置

1>.删除站点主页文件

[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep DocumentRoot
DocumentRoot "/data/www/html"
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep DirectoryIndex
    DirectoryIndex info.html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# rm -f /data/www/html/info.html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# ll /data/www/html/
total
-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec   : index.html
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# 

2>.查看"/etc/httd/conf.d"目录下的"welcome.conf"配置文件

[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#从主配置文件中可以看到启动httpd服务时会加载该目录下的文件哟~
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2926 Aug  8 19:41 autoindex.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   66 Dec  7 20:15 document_root.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  366 Aug  8 19:42 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252 Aug  6 21:44 userdir.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  824 Aug  6 21:44 welcome.conf
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
#
# This configuration file enables the default "Welcome" page if there
# is no default index page present for the root URL.  To disable the
# Welcome page, comment out all the lines below.
#
# NOTE: if this file is removed, it will be restored on upgrades.
#
<LocationMatch "^/+$">
    Options -Indexes
    ErrorDocument 403 /.noindex.html　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#不难发现，如果有403的错误，就会使用"/.noindex.html"的别名文件来替换错误网页
</LocationMatch>

<Directory /usr/share/httpd/noindex>
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Alias /.noindex.html /usr/share/httpd/noindex/index.html　　　　　　#我们看到"/.noindex.html"的别名真正存放路径为"/usr/share/httpd/noindex/index.html"
Alias /noindex/css/bootstrap.min.css /usr/share/httpd/noindex/css/bootstrap.min.css
Alias /noindex/css/open-sans.css /usr/share/httpd/noindex/css/open-sans.css
Alias /images/apache_pb.gif /usr/share/httpd/noindex/images/apache_pb.gif
Alias /images/poweredby.png /usr/share/httpd/noindex/images/poweredby.png
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# 

3>.经过上一步骤的分析，我们将"/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf"配置文件改成不以".conf"结尾的文件名

[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep ServerRoot
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# egrep -v "^ *#|^$" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep IncludeOptional
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2926 Aug  8 19:41 autoindex.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   66 Dec  7 20:15 document_root.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  366 Aug  8 19:42 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252 Aug  6 21:44 userdir.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  824 Aug  6 21:44 welcome.conf
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf-`date +%F` 　　　　　　#我们暂时修改文件名的后缀
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2926 Aug  8 19:41 autoindex.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   66 Dec  7 20:15 document_root.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  366 Aug  8 19:42 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252 Aug  6 21:44 userdir.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  824 Aug  6 21:44 welcome.conf-2019-12-07
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# 

4>.重启httpd服务，观察页面出现了如下图所示的界面

[[e-mail] ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# ss -ntl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                         Local Address:Port                                                        Peer Address:Port
LISTEN                                                                   *:                                                                     *:*
LISTEN                                                                   *:                                                                     *:*
LISTEN                                                                  :::                                                                    :::*
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat -- :: CST; 11s ago
     Docs: man:httpd()
           man:apachectl()
  Process:  ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
  Process:  ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
 Main PID:  (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Dec  :: node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Dec  :: node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
[[e-mail] ~]#
[[e-mail] ~]# 

5>.总结

    根据上面的操作，如果出现错误的403网页，咱们也可以自定义自己的错误页面哟~