C# WPF – 利用“Attached Property” 把 RoutedEvent 接上 ICommand

时间:2023-12-12 15:27:26

本文说明怎样把 DoubleClick 连接至 ICommand。方法很多。推荐使用 Attach Property 方式,因为它能把任何 RoutedEvent 接上任何 ICommand。

之前写过一篇博文关于 MVVM 中双击事件触发 ICommand 的办法,我说要么你自己写 Attached Property,要么下载别人写好的,比如支持 Collections 的 CommandBehaviors。我认为这两个办法是比较好的。有网友说我没有解释清楚,因为我觉得 Attached Property 有点离题,跟 MVVM 关系不太大。反正有得用就行了。

下面以 ListView 为例。

1. InputBindings

先不说 Attached Property,看看有什么办法可以把双击绑定到 ICommand。最简单的办法是 InputBindings。

XAML:

<ListView.InputBindings><MouseBinding Gesture="LeftDoubleClick" Command=""/></ListView.InputBindings>

支持 KeyBinding (键盘),和 MouseBinding (鼠标)。能做到,如果只需要管键盘或鼠标,这是比较简单。

2. 隐形 Button (不建议)

我见过第二个办法,隐形 Button, (Visibility=”Collapsed”),ICommand 绑定进去,ListView MouseDoubleClick 在视图建立句柄,由它再触发 Button 的 Command.Execute(object)。

XAML:

<Button Name="button1" Visibility="Collapsed" Command=""/><ListView  MouseDoubleClick="ListView_MouseDoubleClick"/>

Code:

privatevoid ListView_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) {
button1.Command.Execute(null);
}

这比较傻,不建议。

3. Attached Property

MSDN 有介绍怎样为控件添加新的属性,这里不详细说了。关键是静态方法 Set,和静态 DependencyProperty。(MSDN 说 GET SET 都要,但其实写 XAML 时只用到 SET,后续启动后,你需要拿回属性值才需要 GET)。

先看一下,Attached Property 是怎样写的,热热身:

CODE:

publicstaticclass MyProperty {
publicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty ParameterProperty =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"Parameter",
typeof(Object),
typeof(MyProperty),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
);
publicstatic Object GetParameter(UIElement obj) {
return obj.GetValue(ParameterProperty);
}
publicstaticvoid SetParameter(UIElement obj, Object value) {
obj.SetValue(ParameterProperty, value);
}
}

get、set 参数 UIElement 类型是为了确保所有控件能用它。这 Parameter 没有配置CallBack,这个MyProperty不对值变化做什么动作,也不设置默认值,所以 RegisterAttached 时候 FrameworkPropertyMetadata是 null。

命名规范必须跟从,MSDN 有说明。当你希望在 XAML 这属性叫做 Parameter 的时候(RegisterAttached 的第一个参数),它的get、set 方法必须命名为 GetParameter 和 SetParameter。编译后 XAML 可用。

XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"><Grid><ListView y:MyProperty.Parameter="ABC"/></Grid></Window>

新手记得加上正确的 XML namespace,xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1" 是因为我把MyProperty类放在这 WpfApplication1 项目的最外层。

知道了怎么写 Attached Property 之后,入正题,加入 ICommand。为灵活性,做法是让程序员配置要绑的 RoutedEvent ,和对应要触发的 ICommand 同时作为 DependencyProperty,让程序员自己配置哪个Event 接哪个 ICommand。(注:handler 那 Dictionary 的做法,和 Detach Attach 是参考某大神的)。为缩短代码,只写 ICommand 和 Event,没写 ICommand 的命令参数。

(以下代码网上其实很多,也有很多版本,大同小异)

CODE:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input; namespace WpfApplication1 { publicstaticclass CommandBehavior { // UI,Handler Listprivatestatic Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler> handlers =new Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler>(); #region Command Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"Command",
typeof(ICommand),
typeof(CommandBehavior),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
DefaultValue =null,
PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnCommandPropertyChanged)
}
);
publicstatic ICommand GetCommand(UIElement obj) {
return (ICommand)obj.GetValue(CommandProperty);
}
publicstaticvoid SetCommand(UIElement obj, ICommand value) {
obj.SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
} #endregion#region Event Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty EventProperty =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"Event",
typeof(RoutedEvent),
typeof(CommandBehavior),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
DefaultValue =null,
PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnEventPropertyChanged)
}
);
publicstatic RoutedEvent GetEvent(DependencyObject obj) {
return (RoutedEvent)obj.GetValue(EventProperty);
}
publicstaticvoid SetEvent(DependencyObject obj, RoutedEvent value) {
obj.SetValue(EventProperty, value);
} #endregion#region CallBacksprivatestaticvoid OnCommandPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
ICommand oldCommand = args.OldValue as ICommand;
ICommand newCommand = args.NewValue as ICommand;
RoutedEvent routedEvent = element.GetValue(EventProperty) as RoutedEvent; Detach(element, routedEvent, oldCommand);
Attach(element, routedEvent, newCommand);
} privatestaticvoid OnEventPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
RoutedEvent oldEvent = args.OldValue as RoutedEvent;
RoutedEvent newEvent = args.NewValue as RoutedEvent;
ICommand command = element.GetValue(CommandProperty) as ICommand; Detach(element, oldEvent, command);
Attach(element, newEvent, command);
} #endregionprivatestaticvoid Attach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command) {
if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
RoutedEventHandler InvokeCommandHandler =new RoutedEventHandler(delegate {
command.Execute(null);
});
handlers.Add(element, InvokeCommandHandler);
element.AddHandler(Event, InvokeCommandHandler);
}
} privatestaticvoid Detach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command) {
if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
RoutedEventHandler handler = handlers[element];
if (handler !=null) {
element.RemoveHandler(Event, handler);
handlers.Remove(element);
}
}
}
}
}

跟之前那个 Parameter 例子很像,只是同一个静态类,做了两个属性,一个叫做 Event,一个叫做 Command。另外,多了一个 Dictionary,还有,这次 Event 和 Command 的变化,都注册了 PropertyChangedCallback 的句柄。最下面的 Attach Detach 的 private 帮助方法,只是重构时从PropertyChangedCallBack 的句柄抽出来而已。

控件、事件、命令,三者是一起的组合,某 UIElement 的某 RoutedEvent 触发到某 ICommand 的 Execute。但RoutedEvent 触发的是 RoutedEventHandler 句柄,不是 ICommand。所以这个静态类所做最重要的事,见 private static void Attach(),就是创建新的 RoutedEventHandler,让它执行委托运行 command 的 Execute,然后把准备好 RoutedEventHandler 之后粘上 UIElement,即 AddHandler(RoutedEvent,RoutedEventHandler)。把这搭配,UIElement 和已做好ICommand委托的 RoutedEventHandler,放在 Dictionary,是为了 Detach 时候找回。

要做 Detach 是因为,DependencyProperty 的值是能变化的(上例中是 Event和Command这两个,都能在运行时变),不一定是写死在 XAML,比如 {Binding Path=XXX} 这情况。万一 Command 变了,或者 RoutedEvent 变了,上述做好了的搭配就失效,是需要 RemoveHandler 然后重新组合。所以,PropertyChangedCallBack 所做的,都是先 Detach 旧值(args.OldValue),然后再 Attach 粘上新值(args.NewValue)。不管 Event 变还是 Command 变,都需要如此。

这静态类的解释到此为止。不复杂。用法如下:

XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"><Grid><ListView
y:CommandBehavior.Command="{Binding Path=TestCommand}"
y:CommandBehavior.Event="ListView.MouseDoubleClick"></ListView></Grid></Window>

因为一开始设置了Command 和 Event 的默认值为 null (RegisterAttached 时候的 FrameworkPropertyMetadata 内,DefaultValue),所以 XAML 运行写入值时,值变化触发 CallBack,完成了我们需要的连接。

最后,改一下 CommandBehavior,让它能接受参数,传过去 ICommand。因为 ICommand 的命令参数类型是 object,所以写的 CommandParameter 类型也是 object。

完整版本 CODE:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Input; namespace WpfApplication1 { publicstaticclass CommandBehavior { // UI,Handler Listprivatestatic Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler> handlers =new Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler>(); #region Command Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"Command",
typeof(ICommand),
typeof(CommandBehavior),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
DefaultValue =null,
PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnCommandPropertyChanged)
}
);
publicstatic ICommand GetCommand(UIElement obj) {
return (ICommand)obj.GetValue(CommandProperty);
}
publicstaticvoid SetCommand(UIElement obj, ICommand value) {
obj.SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
} #endregion#region Event Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty EventProperty =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"Event",
typeof(RoutedEvent),
typeof(CommandBehavior),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata() {
DefaultValue =null,
PropertyChangedCallback =new PropertyChangedCallback(OnEventPropertyChanged)
}
);
publicstatic RoutedEvent GetEvent(DependencyObject obj) {
return (RoutedEvent)obj.GetValue(EventProperty);
}
publicstaticvoid SetEvent(DependencyObject obj, RoutedEvent value) {
obj.SetValue(EventProperty, value);
} #endregion#region CommandParameter Propertypublicstaticreadonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"CommandParameter",
typeof(object),
typeof(CommandBehavior),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(null)
);
publicstaticobject GetCommandParameter(UIElement obj) {
return obj.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);
}
publicstaticvoid SetCommandParameter(UIElement obj, object value) {
obj.SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value);
} #endregion#region CallBacksprivatestaticvoid OnCommandPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
ICommand oldCommand = args.OldValue as ICommand;
ICommand newCommand = args.NewValue as ICommand;
RoutedEvent routedEvent = element.GetValue(EventProperty) as RoutedEvent;
object commandParameter = element.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty); Detach(element, routedEvent, oldCommand);
Attach(element, routedEvent, newCommand, commandParameter);
} privatestaticvoid OnEventPropertyChanged(DependencyObject obj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) {
UIElement element = obj as UIElement;
RoutedEvent oldEvent = args.OldValue as RoutedEvent;
RoutedEvent newEvent = args.NewValue as RoutedEvent;
ICommand command = element.GetValue(CommandProperty) as ICommand;
object commandParameter = element.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty); Detach(element, oldEvent, command);
Attach(element, newEvent, command, commandParameter);
} #endregionprivatestaticvoid Attach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command, object commandParameter) {
if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
RoutedEventHandler InvokeCommandHandler =new RoutedEventHandler(delegate {
command.Execute(commandParameter);
});
handlers.Add(element, InvokeCommandHandler);
element.AddHandler(Event, InvokeCommandHandler);
}
} privatestaticvoid Detach(UIElement element, RoutedEvent Event, ICommand command) {
if (Event !=null&& element !=null&& command !=null) {
RoutedEventHandler handler = handlers[element];
if (handler !=null) {
element.RemoveHandler(Event, handler);
handlers.Remove(element);
}
}
}
}
}

完整版本的 CommandBehavior 在 XAML 用法:

XAML:

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:y="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"><Grid><ListView
y:CommandBehavior.Command="{Binding Path=TestCommand}"
y:CommandBehavior.Event="ListView.MouseDoubleClick"
y:CommandBehavior.CommandParameter="TestParameter"/></Grid></Window>

Attach Property 方法介绍到此为止。点击这里下载最终版本的代码

这类简单,用来解释工作原理比较合适。但我之前博文没用这个类,因为以上代码,有一个明显缺陷。源于 Dictionary<UIElement, RoutedEventHandler> 这样的简单搭配,UIElement 作为 Key。而且 CommandBehavior 这静态类,没有集合暴露给 XAML。这意味着,一个控件,只能设置一次。比如,当一个控件你有两个 RoutedEvent 希望绑定到两个ICommand,这代码不支持。

为了解决这问题,网上已经有很多人写好了一个叫做 CommandBehaviorCollection 的类(懒到搜索都不想搜的,点击这里),很多不同的版本,功能其实都一样,让你在 XAML 内一个控件能同时配置多个 Event 和 Command 的组合。这个类就是我在之前博文上用到的那个。我不打算解释里面内容,其工作基本原理,与上述代码一摸一样,只是它暴露了集合让你在 XAML 内填多个组合。

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