基本步骤：分区——格式化——挂载——写入文件
1、首先用fdisk -l命令查看添加的硬盘名称，可以看到sdb为新增的硬盘
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006b59c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris
2、进行分区，输入m查看提示
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x09f38795.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
分析：主要参数的解析
1. 输入 m 显示所有命令列示。
2. 输入 p 显示硬盘分割情形，打印分区表。
3. 输入 a 设定硬盘启动区。
4. 输入 n 创建新的硬盘分割区。
4.1. 输入 e 硬盘为[延伸]分割区(extend)。
4.2. 输入 p 硬盘为[主要]分割区(primary)。
5. 输入 t 改变硬盘分割区属性。
t:分区系统id号
L:82:linux swap
83:linux
86：NTFS window分区
6. 输入 d 删除硬盘分割区属性。
7. 输入 q 结束不存入硬盘分割区属性。
8. 输入 w 结束并写入硬盘分割区属性
3、输入n创建新的硬盘分区——输入p创建主分区——输入1设置一个分区——回车——回车（默认全部空间）
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended ···扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) ···主分区
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
4、输入p查看分区情况——输入w保存退出（一定要w保存不然无效）
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x09f38795 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
5、mkfs命令格式化磁盘
[root@oracle ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext4: invalid fragment size - /dev/sdb1
6、mount命令挂载分区
[root@oracle ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle/
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@oracle ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 ext4 19G 11G 7.3G 60% /
tmpfs tmpfs 2.1G 74k 2.1G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 297M 29M 253M 11% /boot
/dev/sdb1 ext4 22G 47M 20G 1% /oracle
7、添加到/etc/fstab文件下保存退出否则重启后硬盘消失
/dev/sdb1 /oracle ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0