1. Kerberos是一种计算机网络授权协议,用来在非安全网络中,对个人通信以安全的手段进行身份认证。具体请查阅官网
2. 需要安装的包(基于centos)
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yum install libsasl2 - dev
yum install gcc - c + + python - devel.x86_64 cyrus - sasl - devel.x86_64
yum install python - devel
yum install krb5 - devel
yum install python - krbV
pip install krbcontext = = 0.9
pip install thrift = = 0.9 . 3
pip install thrift - sasl = = 0.2 . 1
pip install impyla = = 0.14 . 1
pip install hdfs[kerberos]
pip install pykerberos = = 1.2 . 1
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3. /etc/krb5.conf 配置, 在这个文件里配置你服务器所在的域
4./etc/hosts 配置, 配置集群机器和域所在机器
5. 通过kinit 生成 ccache_file或者keytab_file
6. 连接hive代码如下
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import os
from impala.dbapi import connect
from krbcontext import krbcontext
keytab_path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[ 0 ] + '/xxx.keytab'
principal = 'xxx'
with krbcontext(using_keytab = True ,principal = principal,keytab_file = keytab_path):
conn = connect(host = ip, port = 10000 , auth_mechanism = 'GSSAPI' , kerberos_service_name = 'hive' )
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute( 'SELECT * FROM default.books' )
for row in cursor:
print (row)
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7. 连接hdfs代码如下
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from hdfs.ext.kerberos import KerberosClient
from krbcontext import krbcontext
hdfs_url = 'http://' + host + ':' + port
data = self ._get_keytab(sso_ticket)
self ._save_keytab(data)
with krbcontext(using_keytab = True , keytab_file = self .keytab_file, principal = self .user):
self .client = KerberosClient(hdfs_url)
self .client._list_status(path).json()[ 'FileStatuses' ][ 'FileStatus' ] #获取path下文件及文件夹
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8. 注:krbcontext这个包官方说支持python2,但是python3也能用
这个hdfs_url 一定要带"http://"不然会报错
9. 我新增了一些配置文件配置,具体的操作如下
python3.6.5基于kerberos认证的hdfs,hive连接调用(含基础环境配置)
1需要准备的环境
yum包(需要先装yum包,再装python包,不然会有问题)
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yum install openldap - clients - y
yum install krb5 - workstation krb5 - libs - y
yum install gcc - c + + python - devel.x86_64 cyrus - sasl - devel.x86_64
yum install python - devel
yum install krb5 - devel
yum install python - krbV
yum install cyrus - sasl - plain cyrus - sasl - devel cyrus - sasl - gssapi
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python包安装(pip或pip3,请根据实际情况选择)
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pip install krbcontext = = 0.9
pip install thrift = = 0.9 . 3
pip install thrift - sasl = = 0.2 . 1
pip install impyla = = 0.14 . 1
pip install hdfs[kerberos]
pip install pykerberos = = 1.2 . 1
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配置/etc/hosts文件(需要把大数据平台的机器和域名进行配置)
10.xxx.xxx.xxx name-1 panel.test.com
10.xxx.xxx.xxx name-1
配置/etc/krb5.conf(具体查看kerberos服务配置中心)
参考配置(仅供参考,具体更具自己实际配置修改)
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[libdefaults]
renew_lifetime = 9d
forwardable = true
default_realm = PANEL.COM
ticket_lifetime = 24h
dns_lookup_realm = false
dns_lookup_kdc = false
default_ccache_name = / tmp / krb5cc_ % {uid}
[logging]
default = FILE : / var / log / krb5kdc.log
admin_server = FILE : / var / log / kadmind1.log
kdc = FILE : / var / log / krb5kdc1.log
[realms]
PANEL.COM = {
admin_server = panel.test1.com
kdc = panel.test1.com
}
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连接代码:
hdfs:
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import json, os
from hdfs.ext.kerberos import KerberosClient
from krbcontext import krbcontext
def _connect( self , host, port, sso_ticket = None ):
try :
hdfs_url = 'http://' + host + ':' + port
active_str = 'kinit -kt {0} {1}' . format ( self .keytab_file, self .user)
# 激活当前kerberos用户认证,因为python缓存机制,切换用户,这个缓存不会自动切换,需要手动处理下
os.system(active_str)
with krbcontext(using_keytab = True , keytab_file = self .keytab_file, principal = self .user):
self .client = KerberosClient(hdfs_url)
except Exception as e:
raise e
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hive
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import os
from krbcontext import krbcontext
from impala.dbapi import connect
from auto_model_platform.settings import config
def _connect( self , host, port, sso_ticket = None ):
try :
active_str = 'kinit -kt {0} {1}' . format ( self .keytab_file, self .user)
# 同hdfs
os.system(active_str)
with krbcontext(using_keytab = True , principal = self .user, keytab_file = self .keytab_file):
self .conn = connect(host = host, port = port, auth_mechanism = 'GSSAPI' , kerberos_service_name = 'hive' )
self .cursor = self .conn.cursor()
except Exception as e:
raise e
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总结
我在做的时候也遇到很多坑,其实在这个需要理解其中原理,比如kerberos的机制和对应命令
如果是做基础平台用,用多用户切换的情况,建议不要用python,因为一点都不友好,官方包问题很多,我都改用java的jdbc去操作hdfs和hive了
如果只是自己测试和和做算法研究,还是可以用的,因为这个代码简单,容易实现
补充
kinit命令
kinit -kt xxxx.keytab #激活xxxx用户当前缓存
kinit list #查看当前缓存用户
以上这篇python3.6.5基于kerberos认证的hive和hdfs连接调用方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u012133034/article/details/94460278