Notification通知，也可理解为消息，有通知，必然有发送通知的广播，JMX这里采用了一种订阅的方式，类似于观察者模式，注册一个观察者到广播里，当有通知时，广播通过调用观察者，逐一通知.
这里写一个简单的Server配置例子, 首先定义我们的MBean接口:
接着，我们会想第一节那样，去实现这个MBean接口，并且继承NotificationBroadcasterSupport，来提供广播服务：
package com.dxz.mbean; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import javax.management.AttributeChangeNotification;
import javax.management.NotificationBroadcasterSupport; public class ServerConfigure extends NotificationBroadcasterSupport implements ServerConfigureMBean { private AtomicLong sequenceNumber = new AtomicLong(1); private int port; private String host; public void setPort(int port) {
int oldPort = this.port;
this.port = port;
AttributeChangeNotification notification = new AttributeChangeNotification(this,
sequenceNumber.getAndIncrement(), System.currentTimeMillis(),
AttributeChangeNotification.ATTRIBUTE_CHANGE, "Server Port Change", "java.lang.Integer", oldPort + "",
this.port + "");
super.sendNotification(notification);
} public int getPort() {
return port;
} public void setHost(String host) {
String oldHost = this.host;
this.host = host;
AttributeChangeNotification notification = new AttributeChangeNotification(this,
sequenceNumber.getAndIncrement(), System.currentTimeMillis(),
AttributeChangeNotification.ATTRIBUTE_CHANGE, "Server Host Change", "java.lang.String", oldHost,
this.host);
super.sendNotification(notification);
} public String getHost() {
return host;
} }
在setPort与setHos方法中，首先new了一个AttributeChangeNotification，这个类是javax.management.Notification的子类，而javax.management.Notification这个类又是Java.util.EventObject的子类，由此可以证实上边所说的，JMX通知机制使用了观察者设计模式。
javax.management.Notification是一个JMX的通知核心类，将来需要扩展或者其他JMX自带的消息，均集成自此类.
AttributeChangeNotification根据类名可知，是一个属性改变的通知，造方法参数如下:
Object source, // 事件源，一直传递到java.util.EventObject的source
long sequenceNumber, // 通知序号，标识每次通知的计数器
long timeStamp, // 通知发出的时间戳
String msg, // 通知发送的message
String attributeName, // 被修改属性名
String attributeType, // 被修改属性类型
Object oldValue, // 被修改属性修改以前的值
Object newValue // 被修改属性修改以后的值
根据观察者模式，由事件与广播组成，所以这里继承了NotificationBroadcasterSupport，来提供广播机制,调用NotificationBroadcasterSupportr的sendNotification(notification) 发送广播，广播会根据注册的观察者来对观察者进行逐一通知.
sendNotification 在JDK1.6是通过Executor来发送通知，默认调用线程同步发送：
public NotificationBroadcasterSupport(Executor executor,
MBeanNotificationInfo... info) {
this.executor = (executor != null) ? executor : defaultExecutor; notifInfo = info == null ? NO_NOTIFICATION_INFO : info.clone();
}
private final static Executor defaultExecutor = new Executor() {
// DirectExecutor using caller thread
public void execute(Runnable r) {
r.run();
}
};
如果想用异步发送通知，大家可以在构造方法中传入异步执行的Executor , 例如 ThreadPoolExecutor.
接下来，还得写一个观察者，来接受我们送出的通知：
package com.dxz.mbean; import javax.management.Notification;
import javax.management.NotificationListener; public class ServerConfigureNotificationListener implements NotificationListener { public void handleNotification(Notification notification, Object handback) {
log("SequenceNumber:" + notification.getSequenceNumber());
log("Type:" + notification.getType());
log("Message:" + notification.getMessage());
log("Source:" + notification.getSource());
log("TimeStamp:" + notification.getTimeStamp());
log("UserData:" + notification.getUserData());
log("========="+notification.toString());
} private void log(String message) {
System.out.println(message);
} }
这里只是简单输出了通知内容， 在这个类中我们实现NotificationListener接口，可以看出该接口中只有一个方法，就是处理消息，顺藤摸瓜，在看一下NotificationListener的接口代码：
package javax.management; import java.util.EventListener; /**
* Should be implemented by an object that wants to receive notifications.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public interface NotificationListener extends java.util.EventListener { /**
* Invoked when a JMX notification occurs.
* The implementation of this method should return as soon as possible, to avoid
* blocking its notification broadcaster.
*
* @param notification The notification.
* @param handback An opaque object which helps the listener to associate information
* regarding the MBean emitter. This object is passed to the MBean during the
* addListener call and resent, without modification, to the listener. The MBean object
* should not use or modify the object.
*
*/
public void handleNotification(Notification notification, Object handback) ;
}
可以很清楚的看出继承了java.util.EventListener接口，又一次证实了，JMX通知机制是观察者模式的衍生产品.
好了，所有的功能代码都写完了，下边需要测试一JMX的通知机制：
这里还需要写一个测试用例来支持：
package com.dxz.mbean; import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory; import javax.management.MBeanServer;
import javax.management.ObjectName; public class ServerStartup {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建MBeanServer
MBeanServer mbs = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();
// 新建MBean ObjectName, 在MBeanServer里标识注册的MBean
ObjectName name = new ObjectName("com.dxz.mbean.server:type=ServerConfigure");
// 创建MBean
ServerConfigure mbean = new ServerConfigure();
// 在MBeanServer里注册MBean, 标识为ObjectName(com.dxz.mbean.server:type=ServerConfigure)
mbs.registerMBean(mbean, name);
// 自定义观察者
ServerConfigureNotificationListener listener = new ServerConfigureNotificationListener();
// 加入MBeanServer
mbs.addNotificationListener(name, listener, null, null);
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
最后，我们开始验证成果：
1.打开%JAVA_HOME%/bin/jconsole连接到本地进程：
2. 进入MBean选项框, 点击左边的树，打开通知：
3. 订阅通知
4. 修改属性，产生通知
5. 验证通知
OK, 学习笔记二写完了，回想下一，
1. JMX中要定义接口必须以xxxMBean的规范定义
2. 得有类实现xxxMBean接口
3. 在实现类中可以继承NotificationBroadcasterSupport来支持通知机制
4. 可以通过jconsole来验证