transframe属性详解
1. transform属性
在OC中，通过transform属性可以修改对象的平移、缩放比例和旋转角度
常用的创建transform结构体方法分两大类
（1） 创建“基于控件初始位置”的形变
CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation（平移）
CGAffineTransformMakeScale（缩放）
CGAffineTransformMakeRotation（旋转）
（2） 创建“基于transform参数”的形变
CGAffineTransformTranslate
CGAffineTransformScale
CGAffineTransformRotate
补充：
在OC中，所有跟角度相关的数值，都是弧度值，180° = M_PI
正数表示顺时针旋转
负数表示逆时针旋转
/**
* 2D缩放
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(, );
//当前位置：多次
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(self.imageView3D.transform, , );
/**
* 2D旋转
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(M_PI_4);
//当前位置：多次;
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(self.imageView3D.transform, M_PI_4);
/**
* 2D平移
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(, );
//当前位置：多次
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(self.imageView3D.transform, , );
/**
* 2D还原
*/
self.imageView2D.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
其他：
/**
/* Invert `t' and return the result. If `t' has zero determinant, then `t'
is returned unchanged. */
CG_EXTERN CGAffineTransform CGAffineTransformInvert(CGAffineTransform t)
CG_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_0, __IPHONE_2_0);
/* Concatenate `t2' to `t1' and return the result:
t' = t1 * t2 */
CG_EXTERN CGAffineTransform CGAffineTransformConcat(CGAffineTransform t1,
CGAffineTransform t2) CG_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_0, __IPHONE_2_0);
*/
提示：由于transform属性可以基于控件的上一次的状态进行叠加形变，例如，先旋转再平移。因此在实际动画开发中，当涉及位置、尺寸形变效果时，大多修改控件的transform属性，而不是frame、bounds、center 。
2.代码示例
//
// YYViewController.m
// 01-练习使用按钮的frame和center属性
//
// Created by apple on 14-5-21.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//
#import "YYViewController.h"
//私有扩展
@interface YYViewController ()
@property(nonatomic,weak)IBOutlet UIButton *headImageView;
@end
@implementation YYViewController
//枚举类型，从1开始
//枚举类型有一个很大的作用，就是用来代替程序中的魔法数字
typedef enum
{
ktopbtntag=,
kdownbtntag,
krightbtntag,
kleftbtntag
}btntag;
//viewDidLoad是视图加载完成后调用的方法，通常在此方法中执行视图控制器的初始化工作
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
//在viewDidLoad方法中，不要忘记调用父类的方法实现
[super viewDidLoad];
//手写控件代码
//一、写一个按钮控件，上面有一张图片
//1.使用类创建一个按钮对象
// UIButton *headbtn=[[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100 ,100, 100, 100)];
//设置按钮对象为自定义型
UIButton *headbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
//2.设置对象的各项属性
//(1)位置等通用属性设置
headbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
//(2)设置普通状态下按钮的属性
[headbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"i"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[headbtn setTitle:@"点我！" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[headbtn setTitleColor:[UIColor redColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
//(3)设置高亮状态下按钮的属性
[headbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[headbtn setTitle:@"还行吧~" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[headbtn setTitleColor:[UIColor blueColor] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
//3.把对象添加到视图中展现出来
[self.view addSubview:headbtn];
//注意点！
self.headImageView=headbtn;
//二、写四个控制图片左右上下移动方向的按钮控件
/**================向上的按钮=====================*/
//1.创建按钮对象
UIButton *topbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
//2.设置对象的属性
topbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
[topbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"top_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[topbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"top_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[topbtn setTag:];
//3.把控件添加到视图中
[self.view addSubview:topbtn];
//4.按钮的单击控制事件
[topbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/**================向下的按钮=====================*/
//1.创建按钮对象
UIButton *downbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
//2.设置对象的属性
downbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
[downbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bottom_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[downbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bottom_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[downbtn setTag:];
//3.把控件添加到视图中
[self.view addSubview:downbtn];
//4.按钮的单击控制事件
[downbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/**================向左的按钮=====================*/
//1.创建按钮对象
UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
//2.设置对象的属性
leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
[leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[leftbtn setTag:];
//3.把控件添加到视图中
[self.view addSubview:leftbtn];
//4.按钮的单击控制事件
[leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/**================向右的按钮=====================*/
//1.创建按钮对象
UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
//2.设置对象的属性
rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
[rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[rightbtn setTag:];
//3.把控件添加到视图中
[self.view addSubview:rightbtn];
//4.按钮的单击控制事件
[rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
//三、写两个缩放按钮
/**================放大的按钮=====================*/
//1.创建对象
UIButton *plusbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
//2.设置属性
plusbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
[plusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[plusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[plusbtn setTag:];
//3.添加到视图
[self.view addSubview:plusbtn];
//4.单击事件
[plusbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Zoom:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/**================缩小的按钮=====================*/
UIButton *minusbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
minusbtn.frame=CGRectMake(, , , );
[minusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"minus_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[minusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"minus_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[minusbtn setTag:];
[self.view addSubview:minusbtn];
[minusbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Zoom:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/**================向左旋转按钮=====================*/
UIButton *leftrotatebtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[leftrotatebtn setFrame:CGRectMake(, , , )];
[leftrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_rotate_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[leftrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_rotate_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[leftrotatebtn setTag:];
[self.view addSubview:leftrotatebtn];
[leftrotatebtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Rotate:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/**================向右旋转按钮=====================*/
UIButton *rightrotatebtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[rightrotatebtn setFrame:CGRectMake(, , , )];
[rightrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_rotate_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[rightrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_rotate_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
[rightbtn setTag:];
[self.view addSubview:rightrotatebtn];
[rightrotatebtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Rotate:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
}
//控制方向的多个按钮调用同一个方法
-(void)Click:(UIButton *)button
{
//练习使用frame属性
//CGRect frame=self.headImageView.frame;
/**注意，这里如果控制位置的两个属性frame和center同时使用的话，会出现很好玩的效果，注意分析*/
//练习使用center属性
CGPoint center=self.headImageView.center;
switch (button.tag) {
case ktopbtntag:
center.y-=;
break;
case kdownbtntag:
center.y+=;
break;
case kleftbtntag:
//发现一个bug,之前的问题是因为少写了break,造成了它们的顺序执行，sorry
//center.x=center.x-30;
center.x-=;
break;
case krightbtntag:
center.x+=;
break;
}
// self.headImageView.frame=frame;
//首尾式设置动画效果
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
self.headImageView.center=center;
//设置时间
[UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0];
[UIView commitAnimations];
NSLog(@"移动!");
}
-(void)Zoom:(UIButton *)btn
{
//使用bounds，以中心点位原点进行缩放
CGRect bounds = self.headImageView.bounds;
if (btn.tag) {
bounds.size.height+=;
bounds.size.width+=;
}
else
{
bounds.size.height-=;
bounds.size.width-=;
}
//设置首尾动画
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
self.headImageView.bounds=bounds;
[UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0];
[UIView commitAnimations];
}
-(void)Rotate:(UIButton *)rotate
{
//位移（不累加）
//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(50, 200);
//缩放
//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.2, 10);
//在原有的基础上位移（是累加的）
//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformTranslate(self.headImageView.transform, 50, 50);
//在原有的基础上进行缩放
//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformScale(self.headImageView.transform, 1.5, 1.6);
//在原有的基础上进行旋转
if (rotate.tag) {
//旋转角度为1/pi，逆时针
self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformRotate(self.headImageView.transform, -M_1_PI);
}
else
{
//旋转的角度为pi/2，顺时针
self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformRotate(self.headImageView.transform, M_PI_2);
}
}
@end
3.viewDidLoad
viewDidLoad是视图加载完成后调用的方法，通常在此方法中执行视图控制器的初始化工作
在viewDidLoad方法中，一定不要忘记调用父类的方法实现
[super viewDidLoad];
CATransform3D
/**
* 3D缩放
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeScale(1.0, 0.8, 0.9);
//当前位置：多次
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DScale(self.imageView3D.layer.transform, 1.0, 0.8, 0.9);
/**
* 3D旋转
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/, 0.5, 0.8, 0.3);
//当前位置：多次
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DRotate(self.imageView3D.layer.transform, M_PI_2, , );
/**
* 3D平移
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , );
//当前位置：多次
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DTranslate(self.imageView3D.layer.transform, , , );
/**
* 3D
*/
//起始位置：仅一次
// self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeAffineTransform(<#CGAffineTransform m#>);
// //当前位置：多次
// self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DIsAffine(<#CATransform3D t#>)
CATransform3D结构成员的意义。
struct CATransform3D
{
CGFloat m11（x缩放）, m12（y切变）, m13（旋转）, m14（）;
CGFloat m21（x切变）, m22（y缩放）, m23（）, m24（）;
CGFloat m31（旋转）, m32（）, m33（）, m34（透视效果，要操作的这个对象要有旋转的角度，否则没有效果。正直/负值都有意义）;
CGFloat m41（x平移）, m42（y平移）, m43（z平移）, m44（）;
};
ps:整体比例变换时，也就是m11==m22时，若m33>，图形整体缩小，若0<m33<，图形整体放大，若s<,发生关于原点的对称等比变换。
（）空的地方以后补充。
. CATransform3DMakeTranslation
CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , ) 创建了一个4*4的单位矩阵。
. CATransform3DMakeRotation And CATransform3DRotate
CATransform3DMakeRotation()
_transformedLayer = [CALayer layer];
_transformedLayer.frame = self.bounds;
_transformedLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f);
CATransform3D sublayerTransform = CATransform3DIdentity;
// Set perspective
sublayerTransform.m34 = kPerspective;
[_transformedLayer setSublayerTransform:sublayerTransform];
[self.layer addSublayer:_transformedLayer];
//init Sublayers
CATransform3D t = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , );
// take snapshot of the current view
[_transformedLayer addSublayer:[self snapshot:t
withView:_contentView
isMasked:YES]];
// 暂时先支持一个方向翻转
RotateDirection direction = RotateFromBottom;
if (YES || direction == RotateFromBottom)
{
CGFloat height = self.bounds.size.height;
//CGFloat cubeSize = 100.0f;
t = CATransform3DRotate(t, D2R(, , );【】
t = CATransform3DTranslate(t, , height, );
CALayer *subLayer = [self snapshot:t withView:view isMasked:YES];
[_transformedLayer addSublayer:subLayer];
}
else
{
}
_newContentView = view;
[self animationCubeRotate:direction withDuration:duration];
. 翻转的动画
- (void)animationCubeRotate:(RotateDirection)direction
withDuration:(float)duration
{
[CATransaction flush];
CGFloat height = self.bounds.size.height;
CABasicAnimation *rotation;
// CABasicAnimation *translationX; // 如果沿X轴翻转,则用不到这个变量.
CABasicAnimation *translationY; // 如果沿Y轴翻转,则用不到这个变量.
CABasicAnimation *translationZ;
CAAnimationGroup *animationGroup = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
animationGroup.delegate = self;
animationGroup.duration = duration;
if ( direction == RotateFromBottom )
{
// 创建(某方向)关键帧动画.
translationY = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:
@"sublayerTransform.translation.y"];
translationY.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:-(height / )];【】
rotation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:
@"sublayerTransform.rotation.x"];
rotation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:D2R(-90.0f)];
}
else if ( direction == RotateFromTop )
{
}
// 处理Z轴
translationZ = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:
@"sublayerTransform.translation.z"];
translationZ.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:height / ];【】
animationGroup.animations =
[NSArray arrayWithObjects: rotation, translationY, translationZ, nil];
animationGroup.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
animationGroup.removedOnCompletion = NO;
[_transformedLayer addAnimation:animationGroup forKey:kAnimationKey];
}
高级使用：
透射投影：（矩阵相乘）
首先封装我们想要的功能
CATransform3D CATransform3DMakePerspective(CGPoint center, float disZ)
{
CATransform3D transToCenter = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(-center.x, -center.y, );
CATransform3D transBack = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(center.x, center.y, );
CATransform3D scale = CATransform3DIdentity;
scale.m34 = -1.0f/disZ;
return CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(transToCenter, scale), transBack);
}
CATransform3D CATransform3DPerspect(CATransform3D t, CGPoint center, float disZ)
{
return CATransform3DConcat(t, CATransform3DMakePerspective(center, disZ));
}
那么使用起来就非常简单了：
CATransform3D rotate = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/, , , );
self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(rotate, CGPointMake(, ), );
// CATransform3D rotate = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/6, 0, 0, 1);
// self.imageView3D.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(rotate, CGPointMake(0, 0), 200);
四张同样大小的图片围成一个框，让这个框动画旋转。
CATransform3D move = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , ); CATransform3D back = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , -); CATransform3D rotate0 = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-angle, , , ); CATransform3D rotate1 = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI_2-angle, , , ); CATransform3D rotate2 = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI_2*-angle, , , ); CATransform3D rotate3 = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI_2*-angle, , , ); CATransform3D mat0 = CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(move, rotate0), back); CATransform3D mat1 = CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(move, rotate1), back); CATransform3D mat2 = CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(move, rotate2), back); CATransform3D mat3 = CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(move, rotate3), back); image0.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(mat0, CGPointZero, ); image1.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(mat1, CGPointZero, ); image2.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(mat2, CGPointZero, ); image3.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(mat3, CGPointZero, );
普通界面的立体翻转效果
* 1.732f;
CATransform3D move = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , dis);
CATransform3D back = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(, , -dis);
CATransform3D rotate0 = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-angle, , , );
CATransform3D rotate1 = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-angle + M_PI/, , );
CATransform3D mat0 = CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(move, rotate0), back);
CATransform3D mat1 = CATransform3DConcat(CATransform3DConcat(move, rotate1), back);
view0.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(mat0, CGPointZero, );
view1.layer.transform = CATransform3DPerspect(mat1, CGPointZero, );
本文需要一定的数学基础，特别是想要实现非常炫酷的效果，当然如果你只是想要实现简单的动画效果那么久没那么多要求了！