最近基于selenium写了一个python小工具,记录下学习记录,自己运行的环境是Ubuntu 14.04.4, Python 2.7,Chromium 49.0,ChromeDriver 2.16
selenium简介
selenium提供了一个通用的接口,可模拟用户来操作浏览器,比如用于自动化测试等.
selenium的核心是WebDriver,它提供了一组接口,这些接口能够操作各种跨平台的浏览器.各大浏览器厂商.
各大浏览器厂商也支持Selenium,将其作为浏览器的一部分.
selenium工具集提供了WebDriver,Selenium IDE,Selenium-Grid等
Selenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0
Selenium WebDriver是Selenium Remote Control(Selenium-RC)的继承者.
- WebDriver提供了更简单和简洁的接口,克服了Selenium-RC API一些限制.
- 相比Selenium 1.0,WebDriver是面向对象式的服务.
- WebDriver驱动浏览器更有效率,提供了比Selenium 1.0更多的功能
- Selenium RC只能在单机上运行,WebDriver则提供了远程操作的功能
selenium基本使用
selenium运行需要什么
主要包括三部分:selenium selenium,浏览器driver,浏览器selenium selenium是一组通用的接口,而不同的浏览器提供其自身的driver(大部分是官方的),浏览器则被模拟控制操作的终端.
安装
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
pip install selenium - - upgrade
apt - get install chromium - browser
wget http: / / chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com / 2.10 / chromedriver_linux`getconf LONG_BIT`. zip
unzip chromedriver_linux32. zip
cp chromedriver / usr / local / share
chmod + x / usr / local / share / chromedriver
ln - s / usr / local / share / chromedriver / usr / local / bin / chromedriver
ln - s / usr / bin / chromedriver / usr / local / share / chromedriver
|
简单的使用
1
2
3
4
|
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome( '/usr/local/bin/chromedriver' )
driver.get( 'http://mail.sina.net' );
print (driver.title)
|
API使用
可参考/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium
Chrome WebDriver
selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver(executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, chrome_options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None)
ChromeOptions
可以通过ChromeDriver session配置ChromeDriver session ChromeDriverconvenient methods for setting ChromeDriver-specific capabilities
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument( "--disable-extensions" )
chrome_options.add_argument( '--disable-logging' )
chrome_options.add_experimental_option( 'prefs' , { 'download.default_directory' :
'/tmp' })
chrome_options.binary_location = '/usr/bin/chromium-browser'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options = chrome_options)
|
直接使用DesiredCapabilities
ChromeOptions是构建在DesiredCapabilities之上的,为了使用DesiredCapabilities,必须知道capability的Key/value对.
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
chrome_options = Options()
capabilities = {}
capabilities[ 'platform' ] = "WINDOWS"
capabilities[ 'version' ] = "10"
capabilities.update(chrome_options.to_capabilities())
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities = capabilities)
|
chromedriver运行方式
The ChromeDriver class不断的创建实例,会浪费很多的时间,可以通过两个方式解决.
使用ChromeDriverService
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
import selenium.webdriver.chrome.service as service
service = service.Service( '/usr/bin/chromedrive' )
service.start()
capabilities = { }
driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url, capabilities)
driver.get( 'http://mail.sina.net' );
print (driver.title)
|
开启单独的ChromeDriver服务
1
2
3
|
. / chromedriver
driver = webdriver.Remote( 'http://127.0.0.1:9515' , DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)
driver.get( 'http://mail.sina.net' );
|
RemoteWebDriverServer
The RemoteWebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server. The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
wget http: / / selenium - release.storage.googleapis.com / 2.53 / selenium - server - standalone - 2.53 . 0.jar
java - jar selenium - server - standalone - 2.53 . 0.jar
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor = 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub' ,des
desired_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)
driver.get( 'http://mail.sina.net' );
|
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/3f7c40dbc317