本文实例讲述了Python实现对不原生支持比较操作的对象排序算法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
问题:想在同一个类的实例之间做排序,但是它们并不原生支持比较操作。
解决方案:使用内建的sorted()
函数可接受一个用来传递可调用对象的参数key,sorted利用该可调用对象返回的待排序对象中的某些值来比较对象。
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from operator import attrgetter
class User:
def __init__( self , user_id):
self .user_id = user_id
def __repr__( self ):
return 'User({})' . format ( self .user_id)
# Example
users = [User( 23 ), User( 3 ), User( 99 )]
print (users)
# Sort it by user-id used lambda表达式
print ( sorted (users,key = lambda r:r.user_id))
# Sort it by user-id used operator.attrgetter()
print ( sorted (users, key = attrgetter( 'user_id' )))
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使用lambda表达式还是operator.attrgetter()
或许只是个人偏好,但是operator.attrgetter()
更快一些,而且具有允许同时提取多个字段值的能力。
这和针对字典的operator.itemgetter()
的使用类似。
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from operator import attrgetter
class User:
def __init__( self , user_id,fname,lname):
self .user_id = user_id
self .fname = fname
self .lname = lname
def __repr__( self ):
return 'User({},{},{})' . format ( self .user_id, self .fname, self .lname)
# Example
users = [User( 23 , 'Brian' , 'Jones' ), User( 3 , 'David' , 'Beazley' ), User( 99 , 'Aig' , 'Jones' )]
print (users)
# Sort it by lname,fname used operator.attrgetter()
print ( sorted (users, key = attrgetter( 'lname' , 'fname' )))
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>>> = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = RESTART = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
>>>
[User( 23 ,Brian,Jones), User( 3 ,David,Beazley), User( 99 ,Aig,Jones)]
[User( 3 ,David,Beazley), User( 99 ,Aig,Jones), User( 23 ,Brian,Jones)]
>>>
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最后,本节展示的技术同样适用于min()
和max()
这样的函数:
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>>> min (users,key = attrgetter( 'user_id' ))
User( 3 ,David,Beazley)
>>> max (users,key = attrgetter( 'user_id' ))
User( 99 ,Aig,Jones)
>>> max (users,key = attrgetter( 'fname' ))
User( 3 ,David,Beazley)
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(代码摘自《Python Cookbook》)
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/apple2016/p/5747275.html