启动流程:引入rest_framework APP
在restframework中,GET数据可以通过request.query_params.get(xxx)获取,post数据可以通过request.data.get(xxx)获取。
一、序列化
(1)Serializers
from rest_framework import serializers class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) email = serializers.CharField() publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all() ret = PublishSerializers(publish_list,many=True) #这里many=True用来序列化QureySet对象,默认是False,用来处理model对象
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer): title = serializers.CharField() price = serializers.IntegerField() publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") #一对多字段 authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField() #多对多字段 def get_authors(self,obj): temp=[] for author in obj.authors.all(): temp.append(author.name) return temp class BookView(APIView): def get(self,request): book_list = models.Book.objects.all() ret = BookSerializers(book_list,many=True) return Response(ret.data) def post(self,reqeust): pass
(2)ModelSerializers
表结构:
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Course(models.Model): """ 课程信息表 """ title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="课程名") img = models.CharField(max_length=255,verbose_name="课程图片") #课程图片 level_choices = ( (1,"初级"), (2,"中级"), (3,"高级") ) level = models.IntegerField(choices=level_choices,verbose_name="难易程度") def __str__(self): return self.title class CourseDetail(models.Model): """ 课程详细表 """ course = models.OneToOneField(to="Course",on_delete=models.CASCADE) slogon = models.CharField(max_length=64,verbose_name="课程标语") reason = models.CharField(max_length=255,verbose_name="学习理由") #学习理由 recommand_course = models.ManyToManyField(to="course",verbose_name="推荐课程",related_name="rc") def __str__(self): return "课程详细" + self.course.title class Chapter(models.Model): """ 章节 """ num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="章节") name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="章节名称") course = models.ForeignKey(to="course",on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.num + self.name
ModelSerializers
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer from rest_framework import serializers from api import models class CourseSerializers(ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Course fields = "__all__" class CourseDetailSerializers(ModelSerializer): #一对一/一对多字段 title = serializers.CharField(source='course.title') img = serializers.CharField(source='course.img') level = serializers.CharField(source='course.get_level_display') #多对多字段 recommand = serializers.SerializerMethodField() chapter = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta: model = models.CourseDetail fields = ["title","img","level","recommand","slogon","reason","chapter"] #depth = 0/1/2 可以根据深度把关联的表的信息也提取出来 def get_recommand(self,obj): queryset = obj.recommand_course.all() return [{"id":item.id,"title":item.title} for item in queryset] def get_chapter(self,obj): queryset = obj.course.chapter_set.all() return [{"id":item.id,"name":item.name} for item in queryset]
添加数据:
class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields = "__all__" publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name") #一对多字段 def create(self,validated_data): #重写create方法 book = models.Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"],price=validated_data["price"],pub_date=validated_data["pub_date"],publish_id=validated_data["publish"]["pk"]) book.authors.add(*validated_data["authors"]) return book class BookView(APIView): def get(self,request): book_list = models.Book.objects.all() ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True) return Response(ret.data) def post(self,request): book_obj = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data) if book_obj.is_valid(): book_obj.save() return Response(book_obj.data) else: return HttpResponse(book_obj.errors)
二、视图
(1)
from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixins, mixins.CreateModelMixins, generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Author.objects.all() #固定名称 serializers_class = AuthorModelSerializers #固定名称 def get(self,reqeust,*args,**kwargs): #查看所有数据 return self.list(reqeust,*args,**kwargs) def post(self,reqeust,*args,**kwargs): #添加数据 return self.create(reqeust,*args,**kwargs) class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixins,mixins.DestroyModelMixins,mixins.UpdateModelMixins,generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Author.objects.all() serializers_class = AuthorModelSerializers def get(self,reqeust,id,*args,**kwargs): return self.retrieve(reqeust,id,*args,**kwargs) def delete(self,reqeust,id,*args,**kwargs): return self.destroy(reqeust,id,*args,**kwargs) def put(self,reqeust,id,*args,**kwargs): return self.update(reqeust,id,*args,**kwargs)
(2)
re_path(r'authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"})), re_path(r'author/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}))
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Author.objects.all() serializers_class = AuthorModelSerializers
三、登录验证
def get_random_str(user): import hashlib,time ctime=str(time.time()) md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8")) md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8")) return md5.hexdigest() class LoginView(APIView): def post(self,request): name = request.data.get("name") pwd = request.data.get("pwd") user = models.User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first() res = {"status_code":1000, "msg":None} if user: random_str = get_random_str(user.name) token=models.Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str}) res["token"] = random_str else: res["status_code"] = 1001 res["msg"] = "用户名或者密码错误" import json return Response(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))
三。认证组件
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication from rest_framework import exceptions class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self,request): token = request.GET.get("token") token_obj = models.Token.objects.filter(token=token).first() if token_obj: return token_obj.user.name,token_obj.token //一个赋值给request.user,一个赋值给request.auth else: return exceptions.AuthenticationsFailed("验证失败") class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): authentications_class = [TokenAuth,] queryset = models.Author.objects.all() serializers_class = AuthorModelSerializers
全局认证:
rest_framework = { "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.views.TokenAuth"] }
四、权限组件
class SVIPPermission(object): message="只有超级用户才能访问" def has_permission(self,request,view): username=request.user user_type=User.objects.filter(name=username).first().user_type : return True # 通过权限认证 else: return False class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): permission_classes=[SVIPPermission,]
全局权限:
REST_FRAMEWORK = { "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.TokenAuth",], "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.SVIPPermission",], }
五、频率组件
class VisitRateThrottle(object): def allow_request(self,request): # 要求访问站点的频率不能超过每分钟20次 if 1: return True else: return False
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): throttle_class = [VisitRateThrottle,]
六、解析器
七、url控制
八、响应器
九、渲染器
规定了页面的显示效果。
from rest_framework.renderer import JSONRenderer from rest_framework.views import APIView class Show(APIView): renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,] #只返回json字符串
十、版本
(1)在settings中配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = { .... 'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':'rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning', 'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'], # 允许的版本 'VERSION_PARAM':'version', # 参数 'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1', # 默认版本 .... }
(2)设置路由
urlpatterns = [ #url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^api/(?P<version>\w+)/', include('api.urls')), ] api/urls.py urlpatterns = [ url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view()), ]
(3)获取
request.version
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