Pandas小技巧
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import pandas as pd
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pandas生成数据
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d = { "sex" : [ "male" , "female" , "male" , "female" ],
"color" : [ "red" , "green" , "blue" , "yellow" ],
"age" : [ 12 , 56 , 21 , 31 ]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
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sex | color | age | |
---|---|---|---|
0 | male | red | 12 |
1 | female | green | 56 |
2 | male | blue | 21 |
3 | female | yellow | 31 |
数据替换–map映射
map() 会根据提供的函数对指定序列做映射。
map(function, iterable, …)
- function – 函数
- iterable – 一个或多个序列
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d = { "male" : 1 , "female" : 0 }
df[ "gender" ] = df[ "sex" ]. map (d)
df
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sex | color | age | gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | male | red | 12 | 1 |
1 | female | green | 56 | 0 |
2 | male | blue | 21 | 1 |
3 | female | yellow | 31 | 0 |
数据清洗–replace和正则
分享pandas数据清洗技巧,在某列山使用replace和正则快速完成值的清洗
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d = { "customer" : [ "A" , "B" , "C" , "D" ],
"sales" : [ 1000 , "950.5RMB" , "$400" , "$1250.75" ]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
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customer | sales | |
---|---|---|
0 | A | 1000 |
1 | B | 950.5RMB |
2 | C | $400 |
3 | D | $1250.75 |
sales列的数据类型不同意,为后续分析,所以需要将他的格式同统一
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df[ "sales" ] = df[ "sales" ].replace( "[$,RMB]" , " ", regex=True).astype(" float ")
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customer | sales | |
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0 | A | 1000.00 |
1 | B | 950.50 |
2 | C | 400.00 |
3 | D | 1250.75 |
查看数据类型
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df[ "sales" ]. apply ( type )
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0 <class 'float'>
1 <class 'float'>
2 <class 'float'>
3 <class 'float'>
Name: sales, dtype: object
数据透视表分析–melt函数
melt是逆转操作函数,可以将列名转换为列数据(columns name → column values),重构DataFrame,用法如下:
参数说明:
pandas.melt(frame, id_vars=None, value_vars=None, var_name=None, value_name=‘value', col_level=None)
- frame:要处理的数据集。
- id_vars:不需要被转换的列名。
- value_vars:需要转换的列名,如果剩下的列全部都要转换,就不用写了。
- var_name和value_name是自定义设置对应的列名。
- col_level :如果列是MultiIndex,则使用此级别。
二维表格转成一维表格
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d = { "district_code" : [ 12345 , 56789 , 101112 , 131415 ],
"apple" : [ 5.2 , 2.4 , 4.2 , 3.6 ],
"banana" : [ 3.5 , 1.9 , 4.0 , 2.3 ],
"orange" : [ 8.0 , 7.5 , 6.4 , 3.9 ]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
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district_code | apple | banana | orange | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 12345 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 8.0 |
1 | 56789 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 7.5 |
2 | 101112 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 6.4 |
3 | 131415 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
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df = df.melt(id_vars = "district_code" ,
var_name = "fruit_name" ,
value_name = "price" )
df
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district_code | fruit_name | price | |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 12345 | apple | 5.2 |
1 | 56789 | apple | 2.4 |
2 | 101112 | apple | 4.2 |
3 | 131415 | apple | 3.6 |
4 | 12345 | banana | 3.5 |
5 | 56789 | banana | 1.9 |
6 | 101112 | banana | 4.0 |
7 | 131415 | banana | 2.3 |
8 | 12345 | orange | 8.0 |
9 | 56789 | orange | 7.5 |
10 | 101112 | orange | 6.4 |
11 | 131415 | orange | 3.9 |
将分类中出现次数较少的值归为others
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d = { "name" : [ 'Jone' , 'Alica' , 'Emily' , 'Robert' , 'Tomas' ,
'Zhang' , 'Liu' , 'Wang' , 'Jack' , 'Wsx' , 'Guo' ],
"categories" : [ "A" , "C" , "A" , "D" , "A" ,
"B" , "B" , "C" , "A" , "E" , "F" ]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
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name | categories | |
---|---|---|
0 | Jone | A |
1 | Alica | C |
2 | Emily | A |
3 | Robert | D |
4 | Tomas | A |
5 | Zhang | B |
6 | Liu | B |
7 | Wang | C |
8 | Jack | A |
9 | Wsx | E |
10 | Guo | F |
D、E、F 仅在分类中出现一次,A 出现次数较多。
统计出现次数,并标准化
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frequencies = df[ "categories" ].value_counts(normalize = True )
frequencies
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A 0.363636
B 0.181818
C 0.181818
E 0.090909
D 0.090909
F 0.090909
Name: categories, dtype: float64
设定阈值
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threshold = 0.1
small_categories = frequencies[frequencies < threshold].index
small_categories
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Index([ 'E' , 'D' , 'F' ], dtype = 'object' )
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替换
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df[ "categories" ] = df[ "categories" ].replace(small_categories, "Others" )
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name | categories | |
---|---|---|
0 | Jone | A |
1 | Alica | C |
2 | Emily | A |
3 | Robert | Others |
4 | Tomas | A |
5 | Zhang | B |
6 | Liu | B |
7 | Wang | C |
8 | Jack | A |
9 | Wsx | Others |
10 | Guo | Others |
Python小技巧
列表推导式
例如,假设我们想创建一个正方形列表,例如
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squares = []
for x in range ( 10 ):
squares.append(x * * 2 )
squares
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[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
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squares = list ( map ( lambda x: x * * 2 , range ( 10 )))
squares
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[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
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squares = [x * * 2 for x in range ( 10 )]
squares
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[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
同时还可以利用if来过滤列表
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[(x, y) for x in [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] for y in [ 3 , 1 , 4 ] if x ! = y]
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[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]
列表推导式可以包含复杂表达式和嵌套函数
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from math import pi
[ str ( round (pi, i)) for i in range ( 1 , 6 )]
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['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']
列表推导式中的初始表达式可以是任意表达式,包括另一个列表推导式。
下面的列表推导式将对行和列进行转置
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matrix = [
[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ],
[ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ],
[ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ],
]
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[[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range ( 4 )]
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[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]
交换变量
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a = 1
b = 2
a, b = b, a
print ( "a = " ,a)
print ( "b = " ,b)
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a = 2
b = 1
检查对象使用内存情况
sys.getsizeof()
range()函数返回的是一个类,在使用内存方面,range远比实际的数字列表更加高效
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import sys
mylist = range ( 1 , 10000 )
print (sys.getsizeof(mylist))
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48
合并字典
从Python3.5开始,合并字典的操作更加简单
如果key重复,那么第一个字典的key会被覆盖
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d1 = { "a" : 1 , "b" : 2 }
d2 = { "b" : 2 , "c" : 4 }
m = { * * d1, * * d2}
print (m)
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{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 4}
字符串分割成列表
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string = "the author is beishanla"
s = string.split( " " )
s
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['the', 'author', 'is', 'beishanla']
字符串列表创建字符串
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l = [ "the" , "author" , "is" , "beishanla" ]
l = " " .join(l)
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'the author is beishanla'
Python查看图片
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pip install Pillow
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from PIL import Image
im = Image. open ( "E:/Python/00网络爬虫/Project/词云图跳舞视频/aip-python-sdk-4.15.1/pictures/img_88.jpg" )
im.show()
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print (im. format ,im.size,im.mode)
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JPEG (1920, 1080) RGB
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总结
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45176548/article/details/113649094