OS：RedHat EL6.0
Oracle： Oracle 11gR2
在Oracle 11gR2，构建RAC时可以通过ASM创建asm disk，但是需要安装asmlib相关软件；对于RedHat EL6.0，Oracle的asm不能很好的支持，所以可以通过udev来创建asm disk，就不需要安装asmlib相关软件。
一、查看系统环境
内核版本：
[root@rac01 rules.d]# uname -a
Linux rac01 2.6.32-642.6.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 26 06:52:09 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
系统用户：
[root@rac01 rules.d]# id grid
uid=1100(grid) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1300(dba),1200(asmadmin),1201(asmdba),1202(asmoper)
二、创建共享磁盘
在Windows server 2012R2 服务器上启用iSCSI服务，并新建iSCSI共享磁盘
选择有足够容量的卷
给虚拟磁盘命名并划分大小，然后配置iSCSI目标
命名访问目标，添加访问程序，选择"IP地址类型"，输入RAC 节点IP（将两个节点的IP都添加上）
继续下一步，不启用验证服务，确认创建，创建完成后会在管理页面显示出已经创建好的共享磁盘
三、配置共享存储
在节点1和节点2上分别安装iSCSI Initiator，以节点一为例，主要涉及以下命令
yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
chkconfig iscsid on
chkconfig iscsi on
最后发现并且挂载iscsi target
[root@rac01 rules.d]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.2.70
192.168.2.70:3260,1 iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ct207djdp08-max-002-target
192.168.2.70:3260,1 iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ct207djdp08-test1-target
[root@rac01 rules.d]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ct207djdp08-max-002-target --login
成功后，用fdisk -l命令可以看到多出的共享磁盘，进行分区，分区结果如下图
四、建立UDEV规则文件
查看磁盘UUID：
[root@rac01 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdb
360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955
创建UDEV配置文件：
[root@rac01 rules.d]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
[root@rac01 rules.d]# vim 99-oracle-asmdisk.rules
KERNEL=="sdb5", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955", NAME="asm_disk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb6", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955", NAME="asm_disk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb7", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955", NAME="asm_disk3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb8", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955", NAME="asm_disk4", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb9", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955", NAME="asm_disk5", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb10", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="360003ff44dc75adca44127e408e97955", NAME="asm_disk6", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
五、启动UDEV service
载入配置文件：
[root@rac01 rules.d]# udevadm control --reload-rules
启动UDEV service:
[root@rac01 rules.d]# start_udev
查看asm disks:
[root@rac01 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 21 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 22 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 23 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 24 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 25 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 26 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk6
六、添加额外ASM磁盘
安装完RAC环境后，突然觉得之前配置的ASM磁盘不够用，于是打算再添加一块大容量的ASM磁盘；前面操作都无差异，这里补充后续操作。
查看asm disks:
[root@rac01 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/asm*
[root@rac01 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 21 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 22 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 23 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 24 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 25 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 26 Nov 25 11:22 /dev/asm_disk6
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 Nov 25 09:42 /dev/asm_disk7
在节点1中，使用grid用户运行asmca:
成功弹出ASM设置界面，选择Create
输入磁盘组名，选择External（外部冗余）（因为已经存在常规冗余磁盘组，为了省事儿这里选择外部冗余），选择磁盘：
点击OK
点击OK回到初始界面，点击右下角Exit，然后选择Yes保留操作并退出
使用oracle 账户登录数据库并查询ASM磁盘组信息：
[root@rac01 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Nov 25 13:09:54 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select name,total_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME TOTAL_MB
------------------------------ ----------
DATA_DB 16378
DATA 6144
CY 102398
七、额外问题
完成上面的操作后，发现节点2出现了一些问题
[oracle@rac02 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Nov 25 13:13:45 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> select name,total_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
select name,total_mb from v$asm_diskgroup
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
实例似乎被关闭了，重启实例后，发现新加的ASM磁盘组挂载异常
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2253664 bytes
Variable Size 1056967840 bytes
Database Buffers 536870912 bytes
Redo Buffers 7319552 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select name,total_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME TOTAL_MB
------------------------------ ----------
DATA_DB 16378
DATA 6144
CY 0
[grid@rac02 admin]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 3072
Available space (kbytes) : 259048
ID : 277519239
Device/File Name : +DATA
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user
手动挂载：
[grid@rac02 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Nov 25 13:30:30 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> alter diskgroup CY mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,TYPE,ALLOCATION_UNIT_SIZE,STATE from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE ALLOCATION_UNIT_SIZE STATE
------------ ------------------------------ ------ --------------------
1 DATA_DB NORMAL 1048576 MOUNTED
2 DATA NORMAL 1048576 MOUNTED
3 CY EXTERN 1048576 MOUNTED
再次查询ASM磁盘组信息：
[oracle@rac02 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Nov 25 13:40:10 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select name,total_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME TOTAL_MB
------------------------------ ----------
DATA_DB 16378
DATA 6144
CY 102398
完成后发现CRS服务异常：
[grid@rac02 admin]$ crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4534: Cannot communicate with Event Manager
排查后发现是硬盘名称发生了变化，修改完相关配置文件（vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdisk.rules），CRS服务正常：
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
然后发现因为之前的异常操作，导致监听异常：
[grid@rac02 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-NOV-2016 15:19:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 25-NOV-2016 15:11:22
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 8 min. 2 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac02/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.2.209)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "rac" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "rac2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "racXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "rac2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
以节点1为例
修改两个节点的监听文件：
[root@rac01 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$ cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin
[grid@rac01 admin]$ ls
endpoints_listener.ora listener.ora shrept.lst
endpoints_listener.ora.bak.rac01 listener.ora.bak.rac01 sqlnet.ora
listener16112111AM0504.bak samples
[grid@rac01 admin]$ vim endpoints_listener.ora
#将HOST参数改为本机IP
LISTENER_RAC01=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac01-vip)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.2.206)(PORT=1521)(IP=FIRST))))
修改TNS配置文件：
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@rac01 admin]$ ls
samples shrept.lst tnsnames.ora
[oracle@rac01 admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
RAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = max-cluster)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
)
)
RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = max-cluster)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
)
)
修改hosts文件：
[root@rac01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#eth0 public ip
192.168.2.206 rac01
192.168.2.207 rac02
#eth1 private ip
192.168.3.206 rac01-priv
192.168.3.207 rac02-priv
#virtual ip
192.168.2.208 rac01-vip
192.168.2.209 rac02-vip
#scan ip
192.168.2.210 max-cluster
修改网卡信息：
[root@rac01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=00:0C:29:8F:C2:C6
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.2.206
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.2.1
DNS1=192.168.2.1
[root@rac01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE="eth1"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=00:0C:29:8F:C2:D0
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.3.206
NETMASK=255.255.255.0