如何给已经装载数据的大表增加一列按顺序增长的主键

时间:2022-10-03 09:33:55

问题描述:

问题表的数据量在千万级别,无主键、无唯一字段、存在大字段,由于业务及性能需求,现需要给问题表增添一列主键,要去主键按顺序增长,且后面为自增长。

解决方式:

1.先给问题表,增加一个int类型的普通字段ID;

2.给已存在的记录设置ID值;

set @rownum=0;

update table xx_rel a set a.id=(@rownum:=@rownum+1);

如何给已经装载数据的大表增加一列按顺序增长的主键

 因为这个表里面有大字段,修改时会产生大量的二进制日志,因为服务器参数大小限制,导致修改报错。
于是按记录分布情况分批统计,分段修改:
+--------------------------------+----------+
| DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m') | count(*) |
+--------------------------------+----------+
| 201604 | 10 |
| 201605 | 146 |
| 201606 | 441 |
| 201607 | 505 |
| 201608 | 1317 |
| 201609 | 14485 |
| 201610 | 17110 |
| 201611 | 35426 |
| 201612 | 29740 |
+--------------------------------+----------+

set @rownum = 0;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201604';
set @rownum = 100;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201605';
set @rownum = 300;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201606';
set @rownum = 1000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201607';
set @rownum = 1600;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201608';
set @rownum = 3000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201609';
set @rownum = 20000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201610';
set @rownum = 40000;

UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201611';

set @rownum = 80000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,'%Y%m')='201612';

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tt a WHERE a.ID IS NULL;
0
SELECT a.ID,COUNT(*) FROM tt a GROUP BY a.ID HAVING COUNT(*)>1;
0
select id,updated_at from tt where id in(
SELECT a.ID FROM tt a GROUP BY a.ID HAVING COUNT(*)>1);


set @rownum = 110000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where a.ID IS NULL;

ALTER TABLE tt MODIFY COLUMN ID bigint(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键';
ALTER TABLE tt AUTO_INCREMENT
=120000;

小结:

1、关于大字段,要么存成文件的形式,要么单独存一张表,不要和其它字段和在一起。这样的话会导致任何对该表的操作都会牵一发而动全身。

2、表一定要有主键;