Android通过WebService调用接口

时间：2022-09-30 16:31:23

转帖请注明本文出自xiaanming的博客（http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/17483273），请尊重他人的辛勤劳动成果，谢谢！
相信大家在平常的开发中，对网络的操作用到HTTP协议比较多，通过我们使用Get或者Post的方法调用一个数据接口，然后服务器给我们返回JSON格式的数据，我们解析JSON数据然后展现给用户，相信很多人很喜欢服务器给我们返回JSON数据格式，因为他解析方便，也有一些JSON的解析库，例如Google提供的GSON，阿里巴巴的FastJson,不过还是推荐大家使用FastJson来解析，我自己开发中也是用FastJson来解析，FastJson的介绍http://code.alibabatech.com/wiki/display/FastJSON/Home，不过有时候我们用到WebService接口来获取数据， WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准，通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块。在Android SDK中并没有提供调用WebService的库，因此，需要使用第三方的SDK来调用WebService。PC版本的WEbservice客户端库非常丰富，例如Axis2，CXF等，但这些开发包对于Android系统过于庞大，也未必很容易移植到Android系统中。因此，这些开发包并不是在我们的考虑范围内。适合手机的WebService客户端的SDK有一些，比较常用的有Ksoap2，可以从http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/wiki/HowToUse?tm=2进行下载，将jar包加入到libs目录下就行了，接下来带大家来调用WebService接口
首先我们新建一个工程，取名WebServiceDemo,我们从http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/web_services.aspx来获取WebService接口，这里面有一些免费的WebService接口，我们就用里面的天气接口吧http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx
我们新建一个WebService的工具类，用于对WebService接口的调用，以后遇到调用WebService直接拷贝来用就行了

package com.example.webservicedemo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpResponseException;
import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;

import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;

/**
 * 访问WebService的工具类,
 * 
 * @see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming
 * 
 * @author xiaanming
 * 
 */
public class WebServiceUtils {
public static final String WEB_SERVER_URL = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx";


// 含有3个线程的线程池
private static final ExecutorService executorService = Executors
            .newFixedThreadPool(3);

// 命名空间
private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";

/**
 * 
 * @param url
 * WebService服务器地址
 * @param methodName
 * WebService的调用方法名
 * @param properties
 * WebService的参数
 * @param webServiceCallBack
 * 回调接口
 */
public static void callWebService(String url, final String methodName,
            HashMap<String, String> properties,
final WebServiceCallBack webServiceCallBack) {
// 创建HttpTransportSE对象，传递WebService服务器地址
final HttpTransportSE httpTransportSE = new HttpTransportSE(url);
// 创建SoapObject对象
        SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);

// SoapObject添加参数
if (properties != null) {
for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = properties.entrySet()
                    .iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
                soapObject.addProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
        }

// 实例化SoapSerializationEnvelope，传入WebService的SOAP协议的版本号
final SoapSerializationEnvelope soapEnvelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
// 设置是否调用的是.Net开发的WebService
        soapEnvelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);
        soapEnvelope.dotNet = true;
        httpTransportSE.debug = true;

// 用于子线程与主线程通信的Handler
final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
// 将返回值回调到callBack的参数中
                webServiceCallBack.callBack((SoapObject) msg.obj);
            }

        };

// 开启线程去访问WebService
        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
                SoapObject resultSoapObject = null;
try {
                    httpTransportSE.call(NAMESPACE + methodName, soapEnvelope);
if (soapEnvelope.getResponse() != null) {
// 获取服务器响应返回的SoapObject
                        resultSoapObject = (SoapObject) soapEnvelope.bodyIn;
                    }
                } catch (HttpResponseException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
// 将获取的消息利用Handler发送到主线程
                    mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(0,
                            resultSoapObject));
                }
            }
        });
    }

/**
 * 
 * 
 * @author xiaanming
 * 
 */
public interface WebServiceCallBack {
public void callBack(SoapObject result);
    }

}

我们通过调用里面的callWebService(String url, final String methodName,HashMap

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
android:layout_width="match_parent" 
android:layout_height="match_parent" >  

<ListView 
android:id="@+id/province_list" 
android:layout_width="match_parent" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:cacheColorHint="@android:color/transparent" 
android:fadingEdge="none" >  
</ListView>  

</RelativeLayout>

接下来就是Activity的代码，先用工具类调用WebService方法，然后在回调方法callBack(SoapObject result)中解析数据到一个List中，在设置ListView的适配器

package com.example.webservicedemo;  

import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  

import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;  

import android.app.Activity;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.AdapterView;  
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;  
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
import android.widget.ListView;  
import android.widget.Toast;  

import com.example.webservicedemo.WebServiceUtils.WebServiceCallBack;  

/** 
 * 显示天气省份的Activity 
 * 
 * @see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming 
 * 
 * @author xiaanming 
 * 
 */  
public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
private List<String> provinceList = new ArrayList<String>();  

@Override  
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
        init();  
    }  

private void init() {  
final ListView mProvinceList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.province_list);  

//显示进度条 
        ProgressDialogUtils.showProgressDialog(this, "数据加载中...");  

//通过工具类调用WebService接口 
        WebServiceUtils.callWebService(WebServiceUtils.WEB_SERVER_URL, "getSupportProvince", null, new WebServiceCallBack() {  

//WebService接口返回的数据回调到这个方法中 
@Override  
public void callBack(SoapObject result) {  
//关闭进度条 
                ProgressDialogUtils.dismissProgressDialog();  
if(result != null){  
                    provinceList = parseSoapObject(result);  
                    mProvinceList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, provinceList));  
                }else{  
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "获取WebService数据错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
            }  
        });  

        mProvinceList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  

@Override  
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,  
int position, long id) {  
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CityActivity.class);  
                intent.putExtra("province", provinceList.get(position));  
                startActivity(intent);  

            }  
        });  


    }  

/** 
 * 解析SoapObject对象 
 * @param result 
 * @return 
 */  
private List<String> parseSoapObject(SoapObject result){  
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();  
        SoapObject provinceSoapObject = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getSupportProvinceResult");  
if(provinceSoapObject == null) {  
return null;  
        }  
for(int i=0; i<provinceSoapObject.getPropertyCount(); i++){  
            list.add(provinceSoapObject.getProperty(i).toString());  
        }  

return list;  
    }  

}

点击省份进入该省份下面的市。也用一个ListView来显示市的数据，布局跟上面一样，Activity里面的代码也差不多相似，我就不过多说明了，直接看代码

package com.example.webservicedemo;  

import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.List;  

import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;  

import android.app.Activity;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.AdapterView;  
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;  
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
import android.widget.ListView;  
import android.widget.Toast;  

import com.example.webservicedemo.WebServiceUtils.WebServiceCallBack;  

/** 
 * 显示城市的Activity 
 * 
 * @see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming 
 * 
 * @author xiaanming 
 * 
 */  
public class CityActivity extends Activity {  
private List<String> cityStringList;  

@Override  
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
        init();  
    }  

private void init() {  
final ListView mCityList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.province_list);  

//显示进度条 
        ProgressDialogUtils.showProgressDialog(this, "数据加载中...");  

//添加参数 
        HashMap<String, String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();  
        properties.put("byProvinceName", getIntent().getStringExtra("province"));  

        WebServiceUtils.callWebService(WebServiceUtils.WEB_SERVER_URL, "getSupportCity", properties, new WebServiceCallBack() {  

@Override  
public void callBack(SoapObject result) {  
                ProgressDialogUtils.dismissProgressDialog();  
if(result != null){  
                    cityStringList = parseSoapObject(result);  
                    mCityList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(CityActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, cityStringList));  
                }else{  
                    Toast.makeText(CityActivity.this, "获取WebService数据错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
            }  
        });  

        mCityList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  

@Override  
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,  
int position, long id) {  
                Intent intent = new Intent(CityActivity.this, WeatherActivity.class);  
                intent.putExtra("city", cityStringList.get(position));  
                startActivity(intent);  
            }  
        });  
    }  

/** 
 * 解析SoapObject对象 
 * @param result 
 * @return 
 */  
private List<String> parseSoapObject(SoapObject result){  
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();  
        SoapObject provinceSoapObject = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getSupportCityResult");  
for(int i=0; i<provinceSoapObject.getPropertyCount(); i++){  
            String cityString = provinceSoapObject.getProperty(i).toString();  
            list.add(cityString.substring(0, cityString.indexOf("(")).trim());  
        }  

return list;  
    }  
}

接下来就是点击相对应的城市调用WebService接口来获取该城市下面的天气详情啦，为了简单起见，我用一个TextView来显示天气信息，因为天气信息很多，一个屏幕显示不完，所以我们考虑在外面加一个ScrollView来进行滚动

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >  

<ScrollView 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >  

<LinearLayout 
android:layout_width="match_parent" 
android:layout_height="match_parent" >  

<TextView 
android:id="@+id/weather" 
android:textColor="#336598" 
android:textSize="16sp" 
android:layout_width="match_parent" 
android:layout_height="match_parent" />  
</LinearLayout>  
</ScrollView>  

</RelativeLayout>

Activity的代码就不做过多说明，跟上面的大同小异

package com.example.webservicedemo;  

import java.util.HashMap;  

import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;  

import android.app.Activity;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.widget.TextView;  
import android.widget.Toast;  

import com.example.webservicedemo.WebServiceUtils.WebServiceCallBack;  

/** 
 * 显示天气的Activity 
 * 
 * @see http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming 
 * 
 * @author xiaanming 
 * 
 */  
public class WeatherActivity extends Activity{  
@Override  
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.weather_layout);  
        init();  
    }  

private void init() {  
final TextView mTextWeather = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weather);  
        ProgressDialogUtils.showProgressDialog(this, "数据加载中...");  
        HashMap<String, String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();  
        properties.put("theCityName", getIntent().getStringExtra("city"));  

        WebServiceUtils.callWebService(WebServiceUtils.WEB_SERVER_URL, "getWeatherbyCityName", properties, new WebServiceCallBack() {  

@Override  
public void callBack(SoapObject result) {  
                ProgressDialogUtils.dismissProgressDialog();  
if(result != null){  
                    SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getWeatherbyCityNameResult");  
                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  
for(int i=0; i<detail.getPropertyCount(); i++){  
                        sb.append(detail.getProperty(i)).append("\r\n");  
                    }  
                    mTextWeather.setText(sb.toString());  
                }else{  
                    Toast.makeText(WeatherActivity.this, "获取WebService数据错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
            }  
        });  
    }  
}

到这里我们就完成了编码工作，在运行程序之前我们需要在AndroidManifest.xml注册Activity，以及添加访问网络的权限

<application 
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" 
android:label="@string/app_name" 
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >  
<activity 
android:name="com.example.webservicedemo.MainActivity" 
android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >  
<intent-filter>  
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />  

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  
</intent-filter>  
</activity>  
<activity android:name=".CityActivity"/>  
<activity android:name=".WeatherActivity"></activity>  
</application>  

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

运行结果：
Android通过WebService调用接口
Android通过WebService调用接口Android通过WebService调用接口
省份，城市列表可以加上A-Z的排序功能，可以参考下Android实现ListView的A-Z字母排序和过滤搜索功能，实现汉字转成拼音，我这里就不添加了，需要添加的朋友自行实现，好了，今天的讲解到此结束，有疑问的朋友请在下面留言。
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