作业需求
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNd056QXpNVEE1TFRJd01UVXdOak00TVRZdWNHNW4uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
思路：1.先写出大体的类，比如学校类，学生类，课程类……
2.写出类里面大概的方法，比如学校类里面有创建讲师、创建班级……
3.根据下面写出大致的代码，并实现其功能
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNek5ETTJNakF6TFRjMk1UZzFNekU0TG5CdVp3PT0uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
遇到的困难：
1.在类与类关联上卡住了，比如：
老师如何查看班级信息？？
老师有班级名称的属性， 而要查看班级信息，需要班级对象
那应该将老师的班级名称与班级对象相关联起来
那不同老师怎么办？？
所以学校创建 老师对象时，应该将老师名称与老师对象相关联起来
通过输入老师名称即可找到老师对象
2.
想把讲师对象通过与讲师名字相关联成一个字典，写到文件中，但是输出时却不成功
应该是程序关序时，内存中的对象被回收了，而文件中的只是被回收对象的字符串形式
输出时找不到内存中的对象了
解决方法，看来得把讲师的相关信息写到文件中才行。
3.
通过Json将讲师信息成功写到文件中，但若再创建一个，后一个会把前一个讲师的信息覆盖！！
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNME1URTJOelV3TFRFek5EUTJOemM0TURBdWNHNW4uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
解决方法：
解决方法：学校创建 一个teachers = {}字典，创建讲师时以讲师名为key,讲师信息为value，
将字典元素写到teachers字典
4.
写到文件中是，会出现unicode编码，即使加上encoding = 'utf-8'也还是会
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNME16SXlPVE0zTFRFNU5UWTBOamcxT0RJdWNHNW4uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
解决方法：
python的json.dumps方法默认会输出成这种格式"\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed",。
要输出中文需要指定ensure_ascii参数为False，如下代码片段：
json.dumps({'text':"中文"},ensure_ascii=False,indent=2) 来自 <http://www.cnblogs.com/zdz8207/p/python_learn_note_26.html> 改正后文件如下：
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNME5ERXlORFV6TFRFNE1qQXdNamcwTnpNdWNHNW4uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
5.
问题：做了下面 的测试，如果讲师名字相同，则后一个会把前一个覆盖
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNME56TXlNVFUyTFRFMU5qRTFNVFl5TkRVdWNHNW4uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
解决：但不同学校按理说是可以创建相同名字的讲师，但我这里只要讲师名字相同就不能再创建，会覆盖的。
这里我就不优化了……
6.
问题：运行时字典长度变化了，我擦，还有这种BUG，我太年轻了
![python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9iYnNtYXguaWthZmFuLmNvbS9zdGF0aWMvTDNCeWIzaDVMMmgwZEhCekwybHRZV2RsY3pJd01UVXVZMjVpYkc5bmN5NWpiMjB2WW14dlp5OHhNRE00TVRnekx6SXdNVFl4TUM4eE1ETTRNVGd6TFRJd01UWXhNREkzTWpNME9USXhNRFl5TFRnMk1qUTJNak0zTXk1d2JtYz0uanBn.jpg?w=700&webp=1 "python之选课系统详解[功能未完善]")
分析原因：continue只是跳出了for 循环，不是跳出while循环，具体的我现在没有例子了……
7.
问题：可以查看所有学生的信息，按理说老师只能查看对应班级的学生信息才行，这里没优化……
源代码：
#选课系统
import sys
import json class School(object): #创建学校类 def __init__(self, school_name, address):
self.school_name = school_name
self.address = address def create_class(self): #创建班级
print("欢迎创建班级".center(50, '-'))
classroom_name = input("请输入班级名称:")
classroom_period = input("请输入班级周期:")
classroom_obj = Classroom(classroom_name, classroom_period, choice_school_obj.school_name) # 班级的实例
print("班级成功创建,班级信息如下".center(50, '-'))
classrooms[classroom_name] = classroom_obj # 将班级名与班级对象相关联
classroom_obj.show_classroom_info() def hire_teacher(self): #雇讲师
print("欢迎雇用讲师".center(50, '-'))
# print("已有讲师Name:%s, Course:%s, Classroom:%s")
teacher_name = input("请输入讲师名字:")
teacher_sex = input("请输入讲师性别:")
teacher_age = input("请输入讲师年龄:")
teacher_course = input("请输入讲师对应课程:")
teacher_classroom = input("请输入讲师对应班级:")
teacher = Teacher(teacher_name, teacher_sex, teacher_age, teacher_course,
teacher_classroom, choice_school_obj.school_name) # 实例化讲师对象
teacher_dict = {"teacher_shcool_name": teacher.teacher_school_name, "teacher_sex": teacher_sex,
"teacher_age": teacher_age, "teacher_course": teacher_course,
"teacher_classroom": teacher_classroom} # 用字典来存放讲师信息 teacher.show_teacher_info()
# 通过json将讲师的字典反序列化到dic字典中 if not dic: # 字典如果为空
dic[teacher_name] = teacher_dict # 将讲师名与讲师对象相关联
# 通过json将讲师的字典序列化到teacher_文件中
json.dump(dic, open("teacher_db", "w", encoding='utf-8'),
ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
else: # 如果文件中已有讲师信息
if dic.get(teacher_name): # 字典中不存在key，则返回none,不曝错
print("%s讲师已存在,不能创建名字相同的讲师" % teacher_name)
flag = True
elif not dic.get(teacher_name):
dic[teacher_name] = teacher_dict
json.dump(dic, open("teacher_db", "w", encoding='utf-8'), ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) def create_course(self): #创建课程
print("迎欢创建课程".center(50, '-'))
course_type = input("请输入课程类型[eg:技术/教育/自然科学/艺术...]:")
course_name = input("请输入课程名称:")
course_price = input("请输入课程价格:")
course_period = input("请输入课程周期:")
course = Course(course_type, course_name, course_price, course_period, choice_school_obj.school_name)
print("课程成功创建,课程信息如下".center(50, '-'))
courses_dict[course_name] = course # 将课程名与课程对象相关联
course.show_course_info() class Course(object): #课程类 def __init__(self, course_type, course_name, course_price, course_period, course_place):
self.course_type = course_type
self.course_name = course_name
self.course_price = course_price
self.course_period = course_period
self.course_place = course_place def show_course_info(self):
print("课程类型:%s,名称:%s,价格:%s,周期:%s" % (self.course_type,self.course_name,
self.course_price, self.course_period)) class Classroom(object): #班级类
def __init__(self, classroom_name, classroom_period, classroom_school_name):
self.classroom_name = classroom_name
self.classroom_period = classroom_period
self.classroom_school_name = classroom_school_name def show_classroom_info(self):
print("班级名称:%s\n班级周期:%s" % (self.classroom_name, self.classroom_period)) class SchoolMember(object): # 学校成员类（学生/老师） def __init__(self, member_name, member_sex, member_age):
self.member_name = member_name
self.member_sex = member_sex
self.member_age = member_age class Student(SchoolMember): #创建学生类（继承学校成员类） def __init__(self, stu_school, stu_name, stu_sex, stu_age, stu_id, stu_course, course_price):
super(Student, self).__init__(stu_name, stu_sex, stu_age)
self.stu_school = stu_school
self.stu_id = stu_id
self.stu_course = stu_course
self.course_price = course_price def show_student_info(self):
print("""
---------------学生%s的信息--------------
Name:%s
School:%s
Sex:%s
Age:%s
ID:%s
Course:%s
Course_price:%s
""" % (stu1.member_name,stu1.member_name,stu1.stu_school,stu1.member_sex,
stu1.member_age, stu1.stu_id, stu1.stu_course,stu1.course_price)) class Teacher(SchoolMember): #讲师类 def __init__(self, teacher_name, teacher_sex, teacher_age, teacher_course, teacher_classroom, teacher_school_name):
super(Teacher, self).__init__(teacher_name, teacher_sex, teacher_age)
self.teacher_course = teacher_course
self.teacher_classroom = teacher_classroom
self.teacher_school_name = teacher_school_name def show_teacher_info(self):
print("""
-------------讲师%s的信息-------------
Name:%s
Sex:%s
Age:%s
Course:%s
Classroom:%s
School_name:%s
""" % (self.member_name, self.member_name, self.member_sex, self.member_age,
self.teacher_course, self.teacher_classroom, self.teacher_school_name)) def show_classroom(self, te_name): #查看班级信息 传一个班级对象，通过对象查看班级信息
class_room = Classroom(teachers_dict[te_name].teacher_classroom,
courses_dict[teachers_dict[te_name].teacher_course].course_period,
choice_school_obj.school_name)
class_room.show_classroom_info() def show_student(self): #查看学生信息 传一个学生对象，通过对象查看学生信息
stu_name = input("请输入要查看学生名字:")
stu_dict[stu_name].show_student_info() def stu_regiest(): # 学生注册方法，目的是为了生成学生对象
global stu1 #定义学生变量为全局变量
stu_name = input("请输入学生姓名:")
stu_sex = input("请输入学生性别:")
stu_age = input("请输入学生年龄:")
stu_id = input("请输入学生序号")
print("1.%s[%sRMB], 2.%s[%sRMB], 3.%s[%sRMB], 4.返回" % (course1.course_name, course1.course_price,
course2.course_name, course2.course_price,
course3.course_name, course3.course_price))
while True:
course_num = input("请选择课程:")
if course_num == '':
stu_course = course1.course_name
stu1 = Student(choice_school_obj.school_name, stu_name, stu_sex,
stu_age, stu_id, stu_course,course1.course_price)
stu_dict[stu_name] = stu1
break
elif course_num == '':
stu_course = course2.course_name
stu1 = Student(choice_school_obj.school_name, stu_name, stu_sex,
stu_age, stu_id, stu_course, course2.course_price)
stu_dict[stu_name] = stu1
break
elif course_num == '':
stu_course = course3.course_name
stu1 = Student(choice_school_obj.school_name, stu_name, stu_sex,
stu_age, stu_id, stu_course, course3.course_price)
stu_dict[stu_name] = stu1
break
elif course_num == '':
break
else:
continue
stu1.show_student_info() def students_view(): #学员视图
while True:
print("1.欢迎注册\n"
"2.返回\n"
"3.退出")
num = input("请选择:")
if num == '':
stu_regiest() #调用学生注册方法并生成学生对象
elif num == '':
break
elif num == '':
sys.exit()
else:
continue def teacher_view(): #讲师视图
name = input("请输入讲师姓名:")
while True:
if dic.get(name) or teachers_dict.get(name):
print("欢迎%s讲师".center(50, '-') % name)
elif not dic.get(name) and not teachers_dict.get(name):
print("%s讲师不存在" % name)
break
print("1.查看班级\n"
"2.查看学员信息\n"
"3.返回\n"
"4.退出")
print("功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng")
num = input("请选择:")
if num == '':
if teachers_dict.get(name):
teachers_dict[name].show_classroom(name) #查看班级信息
else:
print("功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng")
elif num == '':
if teachers_dict.get(name):
teachers_dict[name].show_student() #查看学生信息
else:
print("功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng") elif num == '':
break
elif num == '':
sys.exit()
else:
continue def school_view(): #学校视图
flag = False
while not flag:
print("1.创建班级\n"
"2.创建课程\n"
"3.雇用讲师\n"
"4.返回")
num = input("请选择:")
if num == '':
choice_school_obj.create_class()
elif num == '':
choice_school_obj.create_course()
elif num == '':
choice_school_obj.hire_teacher()
elif num == '':
flag = True
else:
continue def main():
global dic # 全局变量
global choice_school_obj
dic = {} while True:
print("请选择学校".center(50, '*'))
choice_school = input("1.%s, 2.%s, 3.返回, 4.退出" % (s1.school_name, s2.school_name))
if choice_school == '':
choice_school_obj = s1 # 将对象引用传给choice_school
elif choice_school == '':
choice_school_obj = s2
elif choice_school == '':
break
elif choice_school == '':
sys.exit()
else:
continue
while True:
print("1.学员视图\n"
"2.讲师视图\n"
"3.学校管理视图\n"
"4.返回\n"
"5.退出")
num = input("请选择视图:") if num == '':
print("欢迎进入学员视图".center(50, '*'))
students_view()
elif num == '':
print("欢迎进入讲师视图".center(50, '*'))
teacher_view()
elif num == '':
print("欢迎进入学校管理视图".center(50, '*'))
school_view()
elif num == '':
break
elif num == '':
sys.exit()
else:
continue if __name__ == '__main__':
classrooms = {}
teachers_dict = {}
courses_dict = {}
stu_dict = {}
s1 = School("老男孩", "北京") #实例化学校
s2 = School("拼客科技", "广州大学城")
course1 = Course("技术", "Linux", "", "1 year", "北京")
course2 = Course("技术", "Python", "", "7 month", "北京") #实例化三个课程
course3 = Course("技术", "CCIE", "", "4 month", "广州大学城")
courses_dict["Linux"] = course1
courses_dict["Python"] = course2
courses_dict["CCEI"] = course3
t1 = Teacher("Alex", "M", "", "Python", "S13", "Oldboy")
t2 = Teacher("cheng", "M", "", "CCIE", "魔鬼训练营", "Pinginglab") #实例化两个讲师
teachers_dict["Alex"] = t1
teachers_dict["cheng"] = t2
teacher_dict = {"teacher_name": "Alex", "teacher_sex": "M", "teacher_age": "",
"teacher_course": "Python", "teacher_classroom": "S13"}
teacher_dict = {"teacher_name": "Eric", "teacher_sex": "M", "teacher_age": "",
"teacher_course": "Python", "teacher_classroom": "S14"}
print(s1,s2)
main()
输出测试:
C:\Python34\python3.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/laonanhai/xuanke_system/day7_homework.py
<__main__.School object at 0x0000000002CDF160> <__main__.School object at 0x0000000002CDF198>
**********************请选择学校***********************
1.老男孩, 2.拼客科技, 3.返回, 4.退出1
1.学员视图
2.讲师视图
3.学校管理视图
4.返回
5.退出
请选择视图:1
*********************欢迎进入学员视图*********************
1.欢迎注册
2.返回
3.退出
请选择:1
请输入学生姓名:zcl
请输入学生性别:m
请输入学生年龄:22
请输入学生序号22
1.Linux[11800RMB], 2.Python[6400RMB], 3.CCIE[2400RMB], 4.返回
请选择课程:1 ---------------学生zcl的信息--------------
Name:zcl
School:老男孩
Sex:m
Age:22
ID:22
Course:Linux
Course_price:11800 1.欢迎注册
2.返回
3.退出
请选择:2
1.学员视图
2.讲师视图
3.学校管理视图
4.返回
5.退出
请选择视图:3
********************欢迎进入学校管理视图********************
1.创建班级
2.创建课程
3.雇用讲师
4.返回
请选择:1
----------------------欢迎创建班级----------------------
请输入班级名称:s13
请输入班级周期:1 year
------------------班级成功创建,班级信息如下-------------------
班级名称:s13
班级周期:1 year
1.创建班级
2.创建课程
3.雇用讲师
4.返回
请选择:2
----------------------迎欢创建课程----------------------
请输入课程类型[eg:技术/教育/自然科学/艺术...]:tenology
请输入课程名称:py
请输入课程价格:6500
请输入课程周期:6 month
------------------课程成功创建,课程信息如下-------------------
课程类型:tenology,名称:py,价格:6500,周期:6 month
1.创建班级
2.创建课程
3.雇用讲师
4.返回
请选择:3
----------------------欢迎雇用讲师----------------------
请输入讲师名字:alex
请输入讲师性别:m
请输入讲师年龄:33
请输入讲师对应课程:lpy
请输入讲师对应班级:s14 -------------讲师alex的信息-------------
Name:alex
Sex:m
Age:33
Course:lpy
Classroom:s14
School_name:老男孩 1.创建班级
2.创建课程
3.雇用讲师
4.返回
请选择:4
1.学员视图
2.讲师视图
3.学校管理视图
4.返回
5.退出
请选择视图:2
*********************欢迎进入讲师视图*********************
请输入讲师姓名:alex
----------------------欢迎alex讲师----------------------
1.查看班级
2.查看学员信息
3.返回
4.退出
请选择:1
功能未完善,只能输入Alex,cheng
----------------------欢迎alex讲师----------------------
1.查看班级
2.查看学员信息
3.返回
4.退出
请选择:3
1.学员视图
2.讲师视图
3.学校管理视图
4.返回
5.退出
请选择视图:2
*********************欢迎进入讲师视图*********************
请输入讲师姓名:Alex
----------------------欢迎Alex讲师----------------------
1.查看班级
2.查看学员信息
3.返回
4.退出
请选择:1
班级名称:S13
班级周期:7 month
----------------------欢迎Alex讲师----------------------
1.查看班级
2.查看学员信息
3.返回
4.退出
请选择:2
请输入要查看学生名字:zcl ---------------学生zcl的信息--------------
Name:zcl
School:老男孩
Sex:m
Age:22
ID:22
Course:Linux
Course_price:11800 ----------------------欢迎Alex讲师----------------------
1.查看班级
2.查看学员信息
3.返回
4.退出
请选择:2
请输入要查看学生名字:zcl ---------------学生zcl的信息--------------
Name:zcl
School:老男孩
Sex:m
Age:22
ID:22
Course:Linux
Course_price:11800 ----------------------欢迎Alex讲师----------------------
1.查看班级
2.查看学员信息
3.返回
4.退出
请选择:3
1.学员视图
2.讲师视图
3.学校管理视图
4.返回
5.退出
请选择视图:
Process finished with exit code 1