Ubuntu14.04下hadoop-2.6.0单机配置和伪分布式配置

时间:2022-09-24 20:54:15

注意:安装之前最好删除hadoop-2.6.0/dfs/data下的所有文件,避免出现各种问题。尤其安装包不是官方现下载的。

需要重新编译的教程:http://blog.csdn.net/ggz631047367/article/details/42460589

在Ubuntu下创建hadoop用户组和用户

hadoop的管理员最好就是以后要登录桌面环境运行eclipse的用户,否则后面会有拒绝读写的问题出现。当然不是也有办法办法解决。

1. 创建hadoop用户组;

sudo addgroup hadoop

2. 创建hadoop用户;

sudo adduser -ingroup hadoop hadoop

3. 给hadoop用户添加权限,打开/etc/sudoers文件;

sudo gedit /etc/sudoers

在root   ALL=(ALL:ALL)   ALL下添加hadoop   ALL=(ALL:ALL)  ALL.

在Ubuntu下安装JDK

具体见:http://blog.csdn.net/ggz631047367/article/details/42366687          

//JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_25

安装ssh服务 

sudo apt-get install ssh openssh-server

建立ssh无密码登录本机

切换到hadoop用户,执行以下命令:

su - hadoop

ssh生成密钥有rsa和dsa两种生成方式,默认情况下采用rsa方式。

1. 创建ssh-key,,这里我们采用rsa方式;

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" (注:回车后会在~/.ssh/下生成两个文件:id_rsa和id_rsa.pub这两个文件是成对出现的)

2. 进入~/.ssh/目录下,将id_rsa.pub追加到authorized_keys授权文件中,开始是没有authorized_keys文件的;

cd ~/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys (完成后就可以无密码登录本机了。)

3. 登录localhost;

ssh localhost

4. 执行退出命令;

exit

安装hadoop

下载地址:http://apache.fayea.com/hadoop/common/stable/hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz

因多次修改,可能会有Hadoop实际路径和配置文件中Hadoop路径不同,可能会产生错误

1. 把hadoop解压到/usr/local下:

sudo tar -zxvf hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
sudo mv hadoop-2.6.0 /usr/local/hadoop
sudo chmod -R 775 /usr/local/hadoop
sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop  //否则ssh会拒绝访问

2.配置

修改bashrc的配置:

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

在文件末尾添加:

#HADOOP VARIABLES START

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_25

export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop

export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin 
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib"
#HADOOP VARIABLES END
 
    
 
    
 如果不知道JAVA_HOME可以通过命令获得: 
    

update-alternatives --config java
目录取到java根目录即可。


执行下面命令使改动生效:

source ~/.bashrc

修改hadoop-env.sh的配置:

sudo gedit /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

找到JAVA_HOME改为上面的值。


测试

  • 通过执行hadoop自带实例WordCount验证是否安装成功

 /usr/local/hadoop路径下创建input文件夹  

mkdir input
cp README.txt input
在hadoop目录下执行WordCount:
bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.0-sources.jar
org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output

Hadoop伪分布式配置

sudo gedit /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
        <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

 sudo gedit /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
    <value>master</value>
</property>
<property>
    <description>The address of the applications manager interface in the RM.</description>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
    <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8032</value>
</property>
<property>
    <description>The address of the scheduler interface.</description>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
    <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8030</value>
  </property>
<property>
    <description>The http address of the RM web application.</description>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
    <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
    <description>The https adddress of the RM web application.</description>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.https.address</name>
    <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8090</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
    <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8031</value>
</property>
<property>
    <description>The address of the RM admin interface.</description>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
    <value>${yarn.resourcemanager.hostname}:8033</value>
</property>
<property>
   <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
   <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>


 
  

 sudo gedit /usr/local/Hadoop/etc/Hadoop/mapred-site.xml  //伪分布式不用配

<property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
  <value>master:10020</value>
  <description>MapReduce JobHistory Server IPC host:port</description>
</property>
<property>
  <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
  <value>master:19888</value>
  <description>MapReduce JobHistory Server Web UI host:port</description>
</property>

 sudo gedit /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
<property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
        <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
        <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
    </property>
    <property>                 //这个属性节点是为了防止后面eclopse存在拒绝读写设置的
            <name>dfs.permissions</name>
            <value>false</value>
     </property>
 </configuration>

sudo gedit /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/masters 添加:localhost

sudo gedit /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves  添加:localhost


关于配置的一点说明:上面只要配置 fs.defaultFS 和 dfs.replication 就可以运行,不过有个说法是如没有配置 hadoop.tmp.dir 参数,此时 Hadoop 默认的使用的临时目录为 /tmp/hadoo-hadoop,而这个目录在每次重启后都会被干掉,必须重新执行 format 才行(未验证),所以伪分布式配置中最好还是设置一下。

配置完成后,首先在 Hadoop 目录下创建所需的临时目录:

cd /usr/local/hadoop
mkdir tmp dfs dfs/name dfs/data



修改pid目录位置(可以不做)

vi hadoop-env.sh
export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.0/pid
vi mapred-env.sh
export HADOOP_MAPRED_PID_DIR=/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.0/pid

yarn-env.sh
export YARN_PID_DIR=/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.0/pid   


接着初始化文件系统HDFS。
bin/hdfs namenode -format //每次执行此命令要把dfs/data/文件清空
成功的话,最后的提示如下, Exitting with status 0 表示成功, Exitting with status 1: 则是出错。

sbin/start-dfs.sh
sbin/start-yarn.sh

开启Jobhistory

sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh  start historyserver
<a target=_blank href="http://master:19888/">http://master:19888/</a>


Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform这个提示,解决方式:
1、重新编译源码后将新的lib/native替换到集群中原来的lib/native
2、修改hadoop-env.sh ,增加
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_PREFIX/lib:$HADOOP_PREFIX/lib/native"

Namenode information:http://localhost:50070来查看Hadoop的信息。

All Applications:http://http://2xx.81.8x.1xx:8088/,将其中的2xx.81.8x.1xx替换为你的实际IP地址。


运行例子:

1.先在hdfs上建个文件夹  bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/ha1/input

                                  bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/ha1/output

2.上传一些文件:bin/hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/  /user/ha1/input  把etc/hadoop文件上传到hdfs的/user/ha1/input中

3.执行指令

bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.0.jar grep /user/ha1/input/hadoop  /user/ha1/output/temp 'dfs[a-z.]+'


错误1:

WARN hdfs.DFSClient: DataStreamer Exception
org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(java.io.IOException): File /user/ha1/input/hadoop/yarn-env.sh._COPYING_ could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead of minReplication (=1).  There are 0 datanode(s) running and no node(s) are excluded in this operation.

//删除dfs/data/目录所有文件,关闭所有服务重新执行bin/hdfs namenode -format以及1,2步骤

错误2:

org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException): Cannot delete /user/root/grep-temp-23493900. Name node is in safe mode.
The reported blocks 188 has reached the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 188. The number of live datanodes 2 has reached the minimum number 0. In safe mode extension. Safe mode will be turned off automatically in 10 seconds.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1364)

操作太快,未退出安全模式,等退出安全模式

4.查看结果

bin/hdfs dfs -cat /user/ha1/output/temp/*

8	dfs.audit.logger
4	dfs.class
3	dfs.server.namenode.
2	dfs.audit.log.maxbackupindex
2	dfs.period
2	dfs.audit.log.maxfilesize
1	dfsmetrics.log
1	dfsadmin
1	dfs.servers
1	dfs.replication
1	dfs.file
1	dfs.datanode.data.dir
1	dfs.namenode.name.dir
终止一个job:

hadoop job -kill job_1447903602796_0001