linux下rpm包安装、配置和卸载mysql

　WIN10下虚拟机：VMware workstation 12 PRO

　安装

# 1.查看系统版本

[root@vm-xiluhua][/home/xiluhua]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2. (Core) 

# 2.到mysql官网下CentOS 7对应的版本，

2.1.选择社区版（红框）

  2.2.点击DOWNLOAD（红框）

  2.3.选择Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux（红框）

　　

　　2.4.选择CentOS 7、64位的，也就是第一个rpm安装包版本（红框）

# 3.将下载的安装包放到上传到/usr/local/mysql文件夹下（自己新建准备），解压缩

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ tar -xvf mysql-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 

# 3.1.目录结构如下，实际用到的安装包仅为红色部分

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ ll
总用量
　-rw-rw-r--.  xiluhua xiluhua  // :: mysql-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-client-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-common-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-devel-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-embedded-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
　-rw-r--r--.     // :: mysql-community-test-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 4.安装（需要使用root账户操作，不然没有权限）
　4.1.注意事项：必须依次安装，因为他们之间存在依赖链
　4.2.注意事项：尝试使用rpm工具的--prefix或--relocate指定安装目录，系统反馈不允许

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [%]
正在升级/安装...
   :mysql-community-common-5.7.-.e################################# [%]

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [%]
正在升级/安装...
   :mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7################################# [%]

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
        mysql-community-client(x86-) >= 5.7. 被 mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64 需要

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [%]
正在升级/安装...
   :mysql-community-client-5.7.-.e################################# [%]

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [%]
正在升级/安装...
   :mysql-community-server-5.7.-.e################################# [%]
 

# 5.经过以上步骤，安装基本完成，但还需要配置mysql的初始化文件/etc/my.cnf

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ cd /etc/
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ less my.cnf

# 6.在my.cnf的[mysqld]代码下方添加skip-grant-tables

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ vi my.cnf
　# For advice on how to change settings please see
　# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

　[mysqld]
　skip-grant-tables

# 7.启动mysql

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

# 8.验证mysql是否启动

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ netstat -apln | grep mysql
tcp6              :::                 :::*                    LISTEN      /mysqld
unix        [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING         /mysqld          /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# 9.首次登录（第6步[mysqld]代码下方添加skip-grant-tables，目的是为了首次登录时不用输入密码） 

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ mysql
　Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
　Your MySQL connection id is
　Server version: 5.7. MySQL Community Server (GPL)

　Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

　Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
　affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
　owners.

　Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

　mysql>

# 10.显示以上，恭喜！安装完成

这时，在windows下使用Navicat以root账户连接mysql可以密码为空。
如telnet 3306端口不通，连接不上mysql，请关闭linux服务器防火墙。

# 11.安装后续工作，设置root密码

mysql> update user set authentication_string = password(''),host='%' where user = 'root';
Query OK,  row affected,  warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched:   Changed:   Warnings: 

# 这一步不能省，不然重启也不起效果，会提示：ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement...
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ service mysqld restart;
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  mysqld.service

[root@vm-xiluhua][/usr/local/mysql]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.7. MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
这时，在windows下使用Navicat以root账户连接mysql需要使用密码“”。

至此，完成rpm包安装mysql

卸载
# 1.关闭MySQL服务

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ service mysqld stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop  mysqld.service

# 2.卸载MySQL软件包

# 2.1.查询系统下的所有mysql软件包
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rpm -aq | grep mysql
mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.-.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.-.el7.x86_64

# 2.2.卸载系统下的所有mysql软件包
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rpm -ev mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64

软件包准备中...
mysql-community-server-5.7.-.el7.x86_64
警告：/etc/my.cnf 已另存为 /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rpm -ev mysql-community-client-5.7.-.el7.x86_64
软件包准备中...
mysql-community-client-5.7.-.el7.x86_64

# 忽略依赖 --nodeps
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rpm -ev mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
软件包准备中...
mysql-community-libs-5.7.-.el7.x86_64

[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rpm -ev mysql-community-common-5.7.-.el7.x86_64
软件包准备中...
mysql-community-common-5.7.-.el7.x86_64

# 3.删除MySQL安装文件夹

# 再次查看剩下有哪些文件夹
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ find / -name "mysql"
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/lib/python2./site-packages/clufter/filters/cluster/rm/mysql
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/mysql
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBD/mysql
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/DBD/mysql
/usr/share/resource-agents/ocft/configs/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
/usr/local/mysql

# 删除
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
# 删除
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ rm -rf /usr/share/mysql;

# 再次查看还剩下有哪些
[root@vm-xiluhua][/etc]$ find / -name "mysql"
/usr/lib/python2./site-packages/clufter/filters/cluster/rm/mysql　　# 非直属包下的，就留着
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/mysql　　　　　　 # 非直属包下的，就留着
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/DBD/mysql　　　　# 非直属包下的，就留着
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/DBD/mysql　　　　　　  # 非直属包下的，就留着
/usr/share/resource-agents/ocft/configs/mysql　　  # 非直属包下的，就留着
/usr/local/mysql　　#也可以删除，因为这本还有进一步测试，所以留着

至此，卸载完成