Spring Boot + Jpa(Hibernate) 架构基本配置详解

时间：2022-09-22 21:49:47

1、基于springboot-1.4.0.RELEASE版本测试

2、springBoot + hibernate + Druid + MySQL + servlet(jsp)

不废话，直接上代码

一、maven的pom文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zsx</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>zsx Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
    <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
      <tomcat.version>7.0.69</tomcat.version>
    </properties>
 
    <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
 
    <dependencies>
 
      <!-- 添加对jsp视图解析的支持 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      </dependency>
 
 
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
 
 
      <!-- 下面两个引入为了操作数据库 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      </dependency>
 
 
 
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
 
      <!-- 只需引入spring-boot-devtools 即可实现热部署 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
      </dependency>
 
      <!-- Json包 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.16</version>
      </dependency>
 
      <!-- 为了监控数据库 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.25</version>
      </dependency>
 
 
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
        <version>3.14</version>
      </dependency>
 
      <!-- Junit 单元测试 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
 
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0</version>
      </dependency>
 
    </dependencies>
    <build>
      <finalName>/</finalName>
 
      <plugins>
 
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <dependencies>
            <!-- 热部署 -->
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
              <version>1.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
        </plugin>
 
      </plugins>
 
    </build>
 
    <repositories>
      <repository>
        <id>ali</id>
        <name>ali Repository</name>
        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        <snapshots>
          <enabled>false</enabled>
        </snapshots>
      </repository>
    </repositories>
  </project>

二、项目架构

想想还是介绍一下项目的目录结构，这样方便梳理整体的架构配置

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src
├─main
  │ ├─java
  │ │ └─com
  │ │   └─zsx
  │ │     │ Application.java
  │ │     │ SpringBootStartApplication.java
  │ │     │
  │ │     ├─common
  │ │     │ ├─config
  │ │     │ │   DruidDBConfig.java
  │ │     │ │   MultipartConfig.java
  │ │     │ │  
  │ │     │ ├─filter
  │ │     │ │   DruidStatFilter.java
  │ │     │ │  
  │ │     │ ├─interceptors
  │ │     │ │   AuthInterceptor.java
  │ │     │ │   WebAppConfigurer.java
  │ │     │ │  
  │ │     │ ├─servlet
  │ │     │ │   DruidStatViewServlet.java
  │ │     │ │  
  │ │     │ └─swagger
  │ │     │     Swagger2.java
  │ │     │    
  │ │     ├─controller
  │ │     │ │ LoginController.java
  │ │     │ │ TestController.java
  │ │     │ │ UserController.java
  │ │     │    
  │ │     ├─dao
  │ │     │ │ TUserDao.java
  │ │     │ │
  │ │     │ └─impl
  │ │     ├─entity
  │ │     │ │ BaseEntity.java
  │ │     │    
  │ │     ├─model
  │ │     │ │ Tree.java
  │ │     │    
  │ │     ├─service
  │ │     │ │ UserService.java
  │ │     │ │
  │ │     │ └─impl
  │ │     │     UserServiceImpl.java
  │ │     │    
  │ │     └─util
  │ │         GeneratePageable.java
  │ │        
  │ ├─resources
  │ │ │ application.properties
  │ │ │ logback-test.xml
  │ │ │
  │ │ └─static
  │ │   ├─css
  │ │   ├─img
  │ │   └─js
  │ │        
  │ └─webapp
  │   │ index.jsp
  │   │
  │   └─WEB-INF
  │     │ web.xml
  │     │
  │     └─view
  │       │ login.jsp
  │       │  
  │       ├─error
  │       │   500.jsp 
  │       ├─jsp
  │           main.jsp
  │          
  └─test
    └─java
        UtilTest.java

标准的maven项目结构，其中Java下是dao、service、controller ，还有实体类映射entity，其他配置config

三、resources下的应用配置文件application.properties

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#server.port=9090
 
 
# 数据库访问配置
# 主数据源，默认的
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username= root
spring.datasource.password= root
spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
 
 
# 下面为连接池的补充设置，应用到上面所有数据源中
# 初始化大小，最小，最大
spring.datasource.initialSize=5
spring.datasource.minIdle=5
spring.datasource.maxActive=20
# 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
# 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false
spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false
# 打开PSCache，并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
# 配置监控统计拦截的filters，去掉后监控界面sql无法统计，'wall'用于防火墙
spring.datasource.filters=stat,wall,log4j
# 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能；慢SQL记录
spring.datasource.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
spring.datasource.useGlobalDataSourceStat=true
 
 
#JPA Configuration:
spring.jpa.database=MYSQL
# Show or not log for each sql query
spring.jpa.show-sql=false
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true
# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
#spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
#spring.jpa.database=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
 
 
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/view/
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
#spring.resources.static-locations=classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/

四、启动应用主类文件 Application.java

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package com.zsx;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
 
@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan // 扫描使用注解方式的servlet
public class Application {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

若需要部署到外部的tomcat容器中，则添加下面类即可。

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package com.zsx;
 
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer;
/**
 * 修改启动类，继承 SpringBootServletInitializer 并重写 configure 方法
 * @author ZSX
 *
 */
public class SpringBootStartApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
 
  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringBootStartApplication.class);
 
  @Override
  protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
    return builder.sources(Application.class);
  }
 
}

五、数据库连接池Druid的配置

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package com.zsx.common.config;
 
import java.sql.SQLException;
 
import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
 
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
 
/**
 * DruidDBConfig类被@Configuration标注，用作配置信息；
 * DataSource对象被@Bean声明，为Spring容器所管理，
 * @Primary表示这里定义的DataSource将覆盖其他来源的DataSource。
 * @author ZSX
 *jdbc.url=${jdbc.url}
 *最新的支持方式如下:
 *jdbc.url=@jdbc.url@
 */
@Configuration
public class DruidDBConfig {
// private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DruidDBConfig.class);
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
  private String dbUrl;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
  private String username;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
  private String password;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.driverClassName}")
  private String driverClassName;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.initialSize}")
  private int initialSize;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.minIdle}")
  private int minIdle;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.maxActive}")
  private int maxActive;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.maxWait}")
  private int maxWait;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}")
  private int timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}")
  private int minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.validationQuery}")
  private String validationQuery;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.testWhileIdle}")
  private boolean testWhileIdle;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}")
  private boolean testOnBorrow;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.testOnReturn}")
  private boolean testOnReturn;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements}")
  private boolean poolPreparedStatements;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize}")
  private int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
 
  @Value("${spring.datasource.filters}")
  private String filters;
 
  @Value("{spring.datasource.connectionProperties}")
  private String connectionProperties;
 
  @Bean // 声明其为Bean实例
  @Primary // 在同样的DataSource中，首先使用被标注的DataSource
  public DataSource dataSource() {
    DruidDataSource datasource = new DruidDataSource();
 
    datasource.setUrl(this.dbUrl);
    datasource.setUsername(username);
    datasource.setPassword(password);
    datasource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
 
    // configuration
    datasource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
    datasource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
    datasource.setMaxActive(maxActive);
    datasource.setMaxWait(maxWait);
    datasource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
    datasource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
    datasource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
    datasource.setTestWhileIdle(testWhileIdle);
    datasource.setTestOnBorrow(testOnBorrow);
    datasource.setTestOnReturn(testOnReturn);
    datasource.setPoolPreparedStatements(poolPreparedStatements);
    datasource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize);
    try {
      datasource.setFilters(filters);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
 
    }
    datasource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties);
 
    return datasource;
  }
}

springboot里默认使用tomcat的上传文件大小限制，即1MB， 修改用下面的配置类：

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import javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement;
 
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.MultipartConfigFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
@Configuration
public class MultipartConfig {
 
  @Bean
  public MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement(){
    MultipartConfigFactory factory = new MultipartConfigFactory();
    factory.setMaxFileSize("10MB");
    factory.setMaxRequestSize("10MB");
    return factory.createMultipartConfig();
  }
 
}

六、开启Druid的数据库监控配置

1、配置Filter

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import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
 
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
 
/**
 * 配置druid监控统计功能
 * 配置Filter
 * @author ZSX
 *
 */
 
@WebFilter(filterName = "druidWebStatFilter", urlPatterns = "/*",
  initParams = {
      @WebInitParam(name="exclusions",value="*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.bmp,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*")// 忽略资源
  }
)
 
public class DruidStatFilter extends WebStatFilter {
 
}

2、 配置web访问的servlet

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import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
 
 
/**
 * 配置druid监控统计功能
 * 在SpringBoot项目中基于注解的配置，如果是web.xml配置，按规则配置即可
 * @author ZSX
 *
 */
 
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/druid/*",
  initParams = {
//     @WebInitParam(name = "allow", value = "192.168.16.110,127.0.0.1"), // IP白名单 (没有配置或者为空，则允许所有访问)
//     @WebInitParam(name="deny",value="192.168.16.111"), // IP黑名单 (存在共同时，deny优先于allow)
      @WebInitParam(name="loginUsername",value="druid"),// 用户名
      @WebInitParam(name="loginPassword",value="druid"),// 密码
      @WebInitParam(name="resetEnable",value="false")// 禁用HTML页面上的“Reset All”功能
  }
)
public class DruidStatViewServlet extends StatViewServlet {
 
}

这样启动项目后在浏览器中输入地址：端口/druid，就可以看到druid的监控web页面了

七、 拦截器配置

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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
 
@Configuration
public class WebAppConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
 
  /**
   * 配置拦截器
   */
  @Override
  public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    // 多个拦截器组成一个拦截器链
    // addPathPatterns 用于添加拦截规则
    // excludePathPatterns 用户排除拦截
 
    registry.addInterceptor(new AuthInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
 
 
    super.addInterceptors(registry);
  }
 
  /**
   * 添加自定义的静态资源映射
   这里使用代码的方式自定义目录映射，并不影响Spring Boot的默认映射，可以同时使用。
   */
  @Override
  public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
 
//   registry.addResourceHandler("/new/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/new/");
//   registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("/");
    super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
  }
 
}

八、swagger发布api测试配置（可忽略）

 

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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
 
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class Swagger2 {
 
  @Bean
  public Docket createRestApi(){
    return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
        .apiInfo(apiInfo())
        .select()
        .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.zsx.controller.api"))
        .paths(PathSelectors.any())
        .build();
  }
 
  private ApiInfo apiInfo(){
    return new ApiInfoBuilder()
        .title("Spring Boot中使用Swagger2构建RESTful APIs")
        .description("描述")
        .termsOfServiceUrl("http://zsx.com.cn")
        .version("1.0")
        .build();
  }
 
}

至此，所有的配置已完成，下面是一个操作数据的简单demo

九、实体类

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@Entity
@Table(name = "t_user")
public class Tuser implements java.io.Serializable {
 
  /**
   *
   */
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
  @Id
  @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
  private Long id;
 
  @Column(name = "username")
  private String userName;
 
  @Column(name = "password")
  private String passWord;
 
  @Column(name = "email")
  private String email;
 
  @Column(name = "mobile")
  private String mobile;
 
  @Column(name = "nickname")
  private String nickName;
 
  // 省略getter 和 setter
 
}

十、dao层

1、使用jpa基本可以实现不写sql，（但实际开发中，业务逻辑会很复杂，一点不写sql完全不现实）

2、注意添加@Repository注解， 添加JpaSpecificationExecutor继承可以方便分页

3、 看些jpa的查询语法资料

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import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
@Repository
public interface TuserDao extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Tuser, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Tuser> {
 
  Tuser findByUserName(String userName);
 
  @Query("from Tuser t where id = :id")
  List<Tuser> queryFamilyList(@Param("id") Long id, Pageable pageable);
 
}

十一、service和controller没啥好说的，跟原先的一样，下面再提供一个单元测试的demo

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import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
 
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.golden.Application;
import com.golden.dao.TUserDao;
import com.golden.entity.Tuser;
import com.golden.util.GeneratePageable;
 
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 
//指定我们SpringBoot工程的Application启动类
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
 
//由于是Web项目，Junit需要模拟ServletContext，因此我们需要给我们的测试类加上@WebAppConfiguration
@WebAppConfiguration
public class UtilTest {
 
  @Autowired
  private TUserDao dao;
 
  @Autowired
  private EntityManager em;
 
  @Test
  public void test1(){
    dao.findByUserName("admin");
  }
 
  @Test
  public void test2(){
    // 使用jpa提供的分页类
    java.util.List<Order> list = new ArrayList<Sort.Order>();
    Order order = new Order(Direction.DESC, "createTime");
 
    list.add(order);
 
    Sort sort = new Sort(list);
 
    Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 10, sort);
 
    Page<Tuser> findAll = dao.findAll(pageable);
 
  }
 
  @Test
  public void test3(){
 
    EntityManager em = dao.getEntityManager();
    Query query = em.createNativeQuery("select * from t_user limit 1");
    Object singleResult = query.getSingleResult();
    System.out.println(singleResult);
  }
 
  /*
//执行原生SQL
Query nativeQuery = em.createNativeQuery(String sql);
//指定返回对象类型
nativeQuery.unwrap(SQLQuery.class).setResultTransformer(Transformers.aliasToBean( Class resultType));
//返回对象
List<T> resultList = nativeQuery.getResultList();
   */
}

后记：

不用Druid的可以把有关Druid的配置全部删掉，swagger的同理

这里没有使用hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件，主要习惯了在实体类里配置字段了，不怎么用hibernate的映xml文件了，但其实配置起来跟springmvc项目一样

说实话这里使用jpa操作数据库，没感觉有多方便，因为总有各种奇葩的需求，当然也可能是我没深入研究，所以建议改用Mybatis，这个我会再写一篇springboot加mybatis的配置教程的，最后，还可以使用原生的sql查询，即使用单元测试里的EntityManager对象去执行sql，返回结果可以指定对象类型，也很方便

还需要注意的一个点是静态文件的存放位置，这个跟原先的项目不一样，原先是在webapp下，但springboot是默认放在resources下的static目录下的，还有其他默认目录和配置，自行搜索

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/javahighness/article/details/53055149

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