读后感悟:这篇文章讲解了静态的lua调用c/c++函数,所谓静态就是先运行c/c++代码来lua_register注册函数,而不是直接把函数写入库dll或so,然后在lua中require(lib),这也是本篇文章的不够好的地方,可以从这篇文章中看到两个详细的调用,地址链接:
http://blog.csdn.net/shun_fzll/article/details/39120965。而且这篇文章没有详细把代码串联起来。
这里需要注意的是,最基本的原理是把typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L)的函数放入栈,然后再lua全局中赋值给一个表,lua_pushcfunction和lua_setglobal就是完成这个功能的函数,而已luaL_register就是帮你把多个函数放在一个表中,调用的时候就写成xxx.function。
另外一定要注意:在lua中调用c/c++函数,函数的中的lua_State的栈是这次调用私有的,而不会受到其他栈影响,也不会影响其他栈,所以c/c++函数可以通过这个栈来取值和传值,这些在我示例代码中我都有展示。示例代码,自己可以运行看结果。
luacallcplus.cpp #include"mylualib.h" int main(void) { lua_State *lua_state=luaL_newstate(); luaL_openlibs(lua_state); int stacksize=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"stacksize 1:"<<stacksize<<std::endl<<std::endl; //lua_register(lua_state,"average",average); lua_pushcfunction(lua_state,average); stacksize=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"lua_pushcfunction stacksize :"<<stacksize<<std::endl<<std::endl; lua_setglobal(lua_state,"average"); lua_pushcfunction(lua_state,sub); lua_setglobal(lua_state,"sub"); stacksize=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"stacksize 2:"<<stacksize<<std::endl<<std::endl; luaL_Reg mylib[]= { {"myave",average}, {"mysub",sub}, {NULL,NULL} }; luaL_register(lua_state,"ojr",mylib); lua_settop(lua_state,0); stacksize=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"stacksize 3:"<<stacksize<<std::endl<<std::endl; lua_pushnumber(lua_state,50); lua_pushnumber(lua_state,100); int status=luaL_loadfile(lua_state,"mylua.lua"); std::cout<<"Show 1:"<<std::endl; luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); std::cout<<std::endl; // lua_pushnumber(lua_state,30); // lua_pushnumber(lua_state,40); // // std::cout<<"Show 2:"<<std::endl; // luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); // std::cout<<std::endl; stacksize=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"stacksize 4:"<<stacksize<<std::endl<<std::endl; if(status) { std::cout<<"loadfile error"<<std::endl; } int pstatus=0; pstatus=lua_pcall(lua_state,0,LUA_MULTRET,0); if(pstatus) { std::cout<<"error="<<pstatus<<std::endl; std::cout<<"lua error"<<std::endl; } std::cout<<"Show 3:"<<std::endl; luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); std::cout<<std::endl; lua_close(lua_state); return 0; }
mylualib.h #ifndef MYLUALIB #define MYLUALIB extern "C" { #include<lua.h> #include<lualib.h> #include<lauxlib.h> } #include<iostream> #include<string> void luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_State *lua_state); int average(lua_State *lua_state); int sub(lua_State *lua_state); #endif
mylualib.cpp #include"mylualib.h" void luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_State *lua_state) { int top=lua_gettop(lua_state); for(;top>0;--top) { int type=lua_type(lua_state,top); switch(type) { case LUA_TSTRING: std::cout<<"string="<<lua_tostring(lua_state,top)<<std::endl; break; case LUA_TNUMBER: std::cout<<"number="<<lua_tonumber(lua_state,top)<<std::endl; break; case LUA_TBOOLEAN: std::cout<<"boolean="<<(lua_toboolean(lua_state,top)?"true":"false")<<std::endl; break; default: std::cout<<"other="<<lua_typename(lua_state,type)<<std::endl; } } } int average(lua_State *lua_state) { // while(1) // { // // } int n=lua_gettop(lua_state); //检查lua传回来的lua_state是否是新的,每个都是新的? std::cout<<"average begin size:"<<n<<std::endl; std::cout<<"average begin stack:"<<std::endl; luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); std::cout<<std::endl; double sum=0; int i; for(i=1;i<=n;++i) { sum+=lua_tonumber(lua_state,i); } lua_pushnumber(lua_state,sum/n); lua_pushnumber(lua_state,sum); n=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"average end size:"<<n<<std::endl; std::cout<<"average end stack:"<<std::endl; luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); std::cout<<std::endl; //返回返回值得个数 return 2; } int sub(lua_State *lua_state) { int n=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"sub begin size:"<<n<<std::endl; std::cout<<"sub begin stack:"<<std::endl; luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); std::cout<<std::endl; double num1=0; double sum=0; num1=lua_tonumber(lua_state,1); for(int i=2;i<=n;++i) { sum+=lua_tonumber(lua_state,i); } lua_pushnumber(lua_state,num1-sum); n=lua_gettop(lua_state); std::cout<<"sub end size:"<<n<<std::endl; std::cout<<"sub end stack:"<<std::endl; luaShowStackFromTop2Bot(lua_state); std::cout<<std::endl; return 1; }
mylua.lua avg,sum=average(10,20,30,40,50) sub=sub(50,20,10) print("avg=",avg) print("sum=",sum) print("sub=",sub) avg2,sum2=ojr.myave(1,2,3) sub2=ojr.mysub(3,2) print("avg2=",avg2) print("sum2=",sum2) print("sub2=",sub2)
结果如下:
stacksize 1:0 lua_pushcfunction stacksize :1 stacksize 2:0 stacksize 3:0 Show 1: other=function number=100 number=50 stacksize 4:3 average begin size:5 average begin stack: number=50 number=40 number=30 number=20 number=10 average end size:7 average end stack: number=150 number=30 number=50 number=40 number=30 number=20 number=10 sub begin size:3 sub begin stack: number=10 number=20 number=50 sub end size:4 sub end stack: number=20 number=10 number=20 number=50 avg= 30 sum= 150 sub= 20 average begin size:3 average begin stack: number=3 number=2 number=1 average end size:5 average end stack: number=6 number=2 number=3 number=2 number=1 sub begin size:2 sub begin stack: number=2 number=3 sub end size:3 sub end stack: number=1 number=2 number=3 avg2= 2 sum2= 6 sub2= 1 Show 3: number=100 number=50
原文地址:http://4gamers.cn/blog/2014/07/30/lua-call-cpp-functions/,原文内容:
本教程将介绍如何在Lua里面调用C/C++函数。在Lua里面调用C/C++函数其实是比较简单,本文将通过两个示例演示具体的做法:一个是求平均数,另一个是打印Lua函数的一些参数信息。最后,本文会介绍如何把这两个函数定义成一个模块,这样Lua代码里面就可以不再使用全局的名字空间了。
前言
当我们需要在Lua里面调用C/C++函数时,所有的函数都必须满足以下函数签名:
typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
换句话说,所有的函数必须接收一个lua_State作为参数,同时返回一个整数值。因为这个函数使用Lua栈作为参数,所以它可以从栈里面读取任意数量和任意类型的参数。而这个函数的返回值则表示函数返回时有多少返回值被压入Lua栈。(因为Lua的函数是可以返回多个值的)
示例一
定义C++函数指针
int average(lua_State *L) { // get number of arguments int n = lua_gettop(L); double sum = 0; int i; // loop through each argument for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // total the arguments sum += lua_tonumber(L, i); } // push the average lua_pushnumber(L, sum / n); // push the sum lua_pushnumber(L, sum); // return the number of results return 2; }
注册此函数给Lua
lua_register(L, "average", average);
Lua里面调用此函数
avg, sum = average(10, 20, 30, 40, 50) print("The average is ", avg) print("The sum is ", sum)
示例二
定义C++函数
int displayLuaFunction(lua_State *l) { // number of input arguments int argc = lua_gettop(l); // print input arguments std::cout << "[C++] Function called from Lua with " << argc << " input arguments" << std::endl; for(int i=0; i<argc; i++) { std::cout << " input argument #" << argc-i << ": " << lua_tostring(l, lua_gettop(l)) << std::endl; lua_pop(l, 1); } // push to the stack the multiple return values std::cout << "[C++] Returning some values" << std::endl; lua_pushnumber(l, 12); lua_pushstring(l, "See you space cowboy"); // number of return values return 2; }
注册此Lua函数
// push the C++ function to be called from Lua std::cout << "[C++] Pushing the C++ function" << std::endl; lua_pushcfunction(L, displayLuaFunction); lua_setglobal(L, "displayLuaFunction");
注意,上一个示例,我们使用的是函数是
lua_register(L, "average", average);
它其实只是一个宏定义,其实现也是上面两个函数组成的。
在Lua里调用此函数
io.write('[Lua] Calling the C functionn') a,b = displayLuaFunction(12, 3.141592, 'hola') -- print the return values io.write('[Lua] The C function returned <' .. a .. '> and <' .. b .. '>\n')
实现一个Lua模块
首先,我们把这两个C函数封装到一个数组里面:
static const luaL_Reg mylibs[]= { {"average", average}, {"displayLuaFunction", displayLuaFunction}, {NULL, NULL} };
接下来,我们定义另一个C函数,让它注册我们的Lua模块:
int lua_openmylib(lua_State *L) { luaL_newlib(L, mylibs); return 1; };
这里的luaL_newlib会生成一个table,并把所有的mylibs里面的函数填充进去。最后,lua_openmylib返回值为1,表示会把刚刚生成的table压入栈。
最后,我们像之前注册Lua的标准库一样,注册我们新的库,并给它起名字为mylib:
static const luaL_Reg lualibs[] = { {"base", luaopen_base}, {"io", luaopen_io}, {"mylib", lua_openmylib}, {NULL, NULL} };
此时,我们在Lua里面调用之前的两个函数就需要带上模块名字前缀了:
avg, sum = mylib.average(10, 20, 30, 40, 50) a,b = mylib.displayLuaFunction(12, 3.141592, 'hola')
结语
注意:这里C函数参数里的Lua栈是私有的,每一个函数都有自己的栈。当一个c/c++函数把返回值压入Lua栈以后,该栈会自动被清空。
推荐阅读
Calling C++ Functions From Lua
CALLING C++ FUNCTIONS FROM LUA 5.2