前面文章介绍了activity以及intent的使用,本文就来介绍service。如果把activity比喻为前台程序,那么service就是后台程序,service的整个生命周期都只会在后台执行。service跟activity一样也由intent调用。在工程里想要添加一个service,先新建继承service的类,然后到androidmanifest.xml -> application ->application nodes中的service标签中添加。
service要由activity通过startservice 或者 bindservice来启动,intent负责传递参数。
先贴出本文程序运行截图如下:
本文主要讲解service的调用,以及其生命周期。
上图是startservice之后再stopservice的service状态变化。
上图是bindservice之后再unbindservice的service状态变化。
startservice与bindservice都可以启动service,那么它们之间有什么区别呢?它们两者的区别就是使service的周期改变。由startservice启动的service必须要有stopservice来结束service,不调用stopservice则会造成activity结束了而service还运行着。bindservice启动的service可以由unbindservice来结束,也可以在activity结束之后(ondestroy)自动结束。
上图是startservice之后再activity.finish()的service状态变化,service还在跑着。
上图是bindservice之后再activity.finish()的service状态变化,service最后自动unbindservice。
main.xml代码如下:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation= "vertical" android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
android:layout_height= "fill_parent" >
<button android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:id= "@+id/btnstartmyservice"
android:text= "startmyservice" ></button>
<button android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:id= "@+id/btnstopmyservice"
android:text= "stopmyservice" ></button>
<button android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:id= "@+id/btnbindmyservice"
android:text= "bindmyservice" ></button>
<button android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:id= "@+id/btnunbindmyservice"
android:text= "unbindmyservice" ></button>
<button android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:id= "@+id/btnexit"
android:text= "退出程序" ></button>
</linearlayout>
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testservice.java的源码如下:
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package com.testservice;
import android.app.activity;
import android.app.service;
import android.content.componentname;
import android.content.intent;
import android.content.serviceconnection;
import android.os.bundle;
import android.os.ibinder;
import android.util.log;
import android.view.view;
import android.widget.button;
public class testservice extends activity {
button btnstartmyservice,btnstopmyservice,btnbindmyservice,btnunbindmyservice,btnexit;
@override
public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
super .oncreate(savedinstancestate);
setcontentview(r.layout.main);
btnstartmyservice=(button) this .findviewbyid(r.id.btnstartmyservice);
btnstartmyservice.setonclicklistener( new clickevent());
btnstopmyservice=(button) this .findviewbyid(r.id.btnstopmyservice);
btnstopmyservice.setonclicklistener( new clickevent());
btnbindmyservice=(button) this .findviewbyid(r.id.btnbindmyservice);
btnbindmyservice.setonclicklistener( new clickevent());
btnunbindmyservice=(button) this .findviewbyid(r.id.btnunbindmyservice);
btnunbindmyservice.setonclicklistener( new clickevent());
btnexit=(button) this .findviewbyid(r.id.btnexit);
btnexit.setonclicklistener( new clickevent());
}
@override
public void ondestroy()
{
super .ondestroy();
log.e( "activity" , "ondestroy" );
}
private serviceconnection _connection = new serviceconnection() {
@override
public void onserviceconnected(componentname arg0, ibinder arg1) {
// todo auto-generated method stub
}
@override
public void onservicedisconnected(componentname name) {
// todo auto-generated method stub
}
};
class clickevent implements view.onclicklistener{
@override
public void onclick(view v) {
intent intent= new intent(testservice. this ,myservice. class );
if (v==btnstartmyservice){
testservice. this .startservice(intent);
}
else if (v==btnstopmyservice){
testservice. this .stopservice(intent);
}
else if (v==btnbindmyservice){
testservice. this .bindservice(intent, _connection, service.bind_auto_create);
}
else if (v==btnunbindmyservice){
if (myservice.servicestate== "onbind" ) //service绑定了之后才能解绑
testservice. this .unbindservice(_connection);
}
else if (v==btnexit)
{
testservice. this .finish();
}
}
}
}
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myservice.java的源码如下:
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package com.testservice;
import android.app.service;
import android.content.intent;
import android.os.ibinder;
import android.util.log;
public class myservice extends service {
static public string servicestate= "" ;
@override
public ibinder onbind(intent arg0) {
log.e( "service" , "onbind" );
servicestate= "onbind" ;
return null ;
}
@override
public boolean onunbind(intent intent){
super .onunbind(intent);
log.e( "service" , "onunbind" );
servicestate= "onunbind" ;
return false ;
}
@override
public void oncreate(){
super .oncreate();
log.e( "service" , "oncreate" );
servicestate= "oncreate" ;
}
@override
public void ondestroy(){
super .ondestroy();
log.e( "service" , "ondestroy" );
servicestate= "ondestroy" ;
}
@override
public void onstart(intent intent, int startid){
super .onstart(intent, startid);
log.e( "service" , "onstart" );
servicestate= "onstart" ;
}
}
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