通过命令行建立一个数据库可以帮助更好的了解数据库的建库流程,今天试了试手工建立Oracle11gR2数据库,感觉和10g的手工建库流程还是有一定的区别的,10g数据库的手工方式建立可以参考大侯(secooler)的“http://space.itpub.net/519536/viewspace-667563 ”
下面是我的建库流程:
测试环境:
OS:OEL5.6 x64
DB:Oracle database 11g R2(11.2.0.1.0)
建立数据库名:prod
1. 配置环境变量(参考)
1)设置环境变量
[oracle@ocm ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export CLASSPATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
2)生效环境变量
[oracle@ocm ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile
2.建立相关的目录
1)dump目录和10g相比,这里只需要建立adump一个目录就可以了
[oracle@ocm ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump
2)数据文件及控制文件的存放目录
[oracle@ocm ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod
3.建立密码文件
[oracle@ocm ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@ocm dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwprod password=oracle entries=30
4.创建参数文件
1)从init.ora文件中获得示例参数,参考了大侯的cat方法:
[oracle@ocm ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@ocm dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ >initprod.ora
2)修改参数文件中的信息
主要修改下列参数
1:db_name
2:memory_target内存区大小
3:替换<ORACLE_BASE>标签为当前的$ORACLE_BASE中的内容
4:快速恢复区路径设置(我在这里不设置所以注释掉了)
5:修改diagnostic_dest
6:修改dispatchers中的SERVICE为PRODXDB
7:添加控制文件的文件名
db_name='prod' memory_target=600M processes = 150 audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump' audit_trail ='db' db_block_size=8192 db_domain='' #db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area' #db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PRODXDB)' open_cursors=300 remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control02.ctl) compatible ='11.2.0'
5.使用之前创建的参数文件启动数据库到nomount状态下
[oracle@ocm ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=prod [oracle@ocm ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 24 18:26:51 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SYS@prod>create spfile from pfile; File created. SYS@prod>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes Fixed Size 2215944 bytes Variable Size 373297144 bytes Database Buffers 247463936 bytes Redo Buffers 3350528 bytes
6.在10gR2中本来是需要手动修改undo_management,job_queue_processes等参数,但是show parameter后发现这些参数在11gR2版本中的值都已经符合要求,也就不需要修改了。
SYS@prod>show parameter undo_management NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ undo_management string AUTO SYS@prod>show parameter job_queue_processes NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ job_queue_processes integer 1000 SYS@prod>show parameter _dump_ NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ background_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pro d/prod/trace core_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pro d/prod/cdump max_dump_file_size string unlimited user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pro d/prod/trace
7.创建数据库
1)在官方文档中找到建库语句,位置:Administrator's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) => 2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database => Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement => “CREATE DATABASE mynewdb”
2)修改示例的建库语句,需要注意UNDO TABLESPACE的名字和默认的不相同。
[oracle@ocm ~]$ vi dbcreate.sql CREATE DATABASEprod USER SYS IDENTIFIED BYoracle USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BYoracle LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES30 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET US7ASCII NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf'SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf'SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACEundotbs1 DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
3)执行建库脚本,需要在nomount下执行
SYS@prod>@/home/oracle/dbcreate.sql Database created.
4)修改数据文件自动扩展
SYS@prod>alter database datafile 1 autoextend on; Database altered. SYS@prod> alter database datafile 2 autoextend on; Database altered. SYS@prod> alter database datafile 3 autoextend on; Database altered. SYS@prod> alter database datafile 4 autoextend on; Database altered. SYS@prod> alter database tempfile 1 autoextend on; Database altered.
5)查询数据库状态并确认创建成功。
SYS@prod>conn / as sysdba Connected. SYS@prod>select instance_name,status from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS ---------------- ------------ prod OPEN SYS@db11g>col tablespace_name for a10 SYS@db11g>col tablespace_file for a60 SYS@prod>select a.name tablespace_name,b.name tablespace_file from v$tablespace a,v$datafile b where a.ts#=b.ts#; TABLESPACE TABLESPACE_FILE ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
6)执行建立数据字典脚本
SYS@db11g>conn / as sysdba Connected SYS@prod> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql …… SYS@prod> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql ……
到这里,手工建立11gR2数据库就基本完成了,可以再跑一些额外的脚本如catoctk.sql来完善数据库的功能,总体来说手工建立11gR2数据库的过程和建立10gR2数据库基本思路相同,主要是参数文件和建库语句有一定区别,可以说11gR2数据库的手工建立过程比10gR2要少一些修改动作,这或许是因为随着数据库版本的升级,其设计越来越完善的缘故吧。