Python拥有一个强大的标准库。Python语言的核心只包含数字、字符串、列表、字典、文件等常见类型和函数,而由Python标准库提供了系统管理、网络通信、文本处理、数据库接口、图形系统、XML处理等额外的功能。
Python标准库的主要功能有:
1.文本处理,包含文本格式化、正则表达式匹配、文本差异计算与合并、Unicode支持,二进制数据处理等功能
2.文件处理,包含文件操作、创建临时文件、文件压缩与归档、操作配置文件等功能
3.操作系统功能,包含线程与进程支持、IO复用、日期与时间处理、调用系统函数、日志(logging)等功能
4.网络通信,包含网络套接字,SSL加密通信、异步网络通信等功能
5.网络协议,支持HTTP,FTP,SMTP,POP,IMAP,NNTP,XMLRPC等多种网络协议,并提供了编写网络服务器的框架
6.W3C格式支持,包含HTML,SGML,XML的处理。
7.其它功能,包括国际化支持、数学运算、HASH、Tkinter等
python利用标准库获取本地IP
这个最简单,但是也最不靠谱,依赖hosts文件,如果hosts文件没配置,一般容易获取到127.0.0.1
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import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
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import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(( "8.8.8.8" , 80 ))
print (s.getsockname()[ 0 ])
s.close()
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import socket
alias myip = "python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"
print ([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[ 2 ] if not ip.startswith( "127." )][: 1 ], [[(s.connect(( '8.8.8.8' , 53 )), s.getsockname()[ 0 ], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][ 0 ][ 1 ]]) if l][ 0 ][ 0 ])
print ((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[ 2 ] if not ip.startswith( "127." )] or [[(s.connect(( "8.8.8.8" , 53 )), s.getsockname()[ 0 ], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][ 0 ][ 1 ]]) + [ "no IP found" ])[ 0 ])
print ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[ 2 ] if not ip.startswith( "127." )][: 1 ])
print ([(s.connect(( '8.8.8.8' , 53 )), s.getsockname()[ 0 ], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][ 0 ][ 1 ])
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import os
import socket
if os.name ! = "nt" :
import fcntl
import struct
def get_interface_ip(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8915 , struct.pack( '256s' ,
ifname[: 15 ]))[ 20 : 24 ])
def get_lan_ip():
ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
if ip.startswith( "127." ) and os.name ! = "nt" :
interfaces = [
"eth0" ,
"eth1" ,
"eth2" ,
"wlan0" ,
"wlan1" ,
"wifi0" ,
"ath0" ,
"ath1" ,
"ppp0" ,
]
for ifname in interfaces:
try :
ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
break
except IOError:
pass
return ip
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linux上根据网卡名获取ip
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>>> import socket, struct, fcntl
>>> sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
>>> sockfd = sock.fileno()
>>> SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915
>>>
>>> def get_ip(iface = 'eth0' ):
... ifreq = struct.pack( '16sH14s' , iface, socket.AF_INET, '\x00' * 14 )
... try :
... res = fcntl.ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, ifreq)
... except :
... return None
... ip = struct.unpack( '16sH2x4s8x' , res)[ 2 ]
... return socket.inet_ntoa(ip)
...
>>> get_ip( 'eth0' )
'10.80.40.234'
>>>
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仅限windows
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def getIPAddresses():
from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
from ctypes import POINTER, byref
from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
( "next" , LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "ipAddress" , c_char * 16 ),
( "ipMask" , c_char * 16 ),
( "context" , c_ulong)]
class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
( "next" , LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
( "comboIndex" , c_ulong),
( "adapterName" , c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4 )),
( "description" , c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4 )),
( "addressLength" , c_uint),
( "address" , c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
( "index" , c_ulong),
( "type" , c_uint),
( "dhcpEnabled" , c_uint),
( "currentIpAddress" , LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "ipAddressList" , IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "gatewayList" , IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "dhcpServer" , IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "haveWins" , c_uint),
( "primaryWinsServer" , IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "secondaryWinsServer" , IP_ADDR_STRING),
( "leaseObtained" , c_ulong),
( "leaseExpires" , c_ulong)]
GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10 )()
buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[ 0 ]), byref(buflen))
if rc = = 0 :
for a in adapterList:
adNode = a.ipAddressList
while True :
ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
if ipAddr:
yield ipAddr
adNode = adNode. next
if not adNode:
break
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第三方库
https://github.com/ftao/python-ifcfg
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import ifcfg
import json
for name, interface in ifcfg.interfaces().items():
# do something with interface
print interface[ 'device' ]
print interface[ 'inet' ]
print interface[ 'inet6' ]
print interface[ 'netmask' ]
print interface[ 'broadcast' ]
default = ifcfg.default_interface()
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总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/cppddz/p/7758285.html