python文件读写
python 进行文件读写的内建函数是open或file
file_hander(文件句柄或者叫做对象)= open(filename,mode)
mode:
模式 说明
r 只读
r+ 读写
w 写入,先删除源文件,在重新写入,如果文件没有则创建
w+ 读写,先删除源文件,在重新写入,如果文件没有则创建(可以写入写出)
读文件:
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>>> fo = open ( "/root/a.txt" )
>>> fo
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<open file '/root/a.txt', mode 'r' at 0x7f5095dec4e0>
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>>> fo.read()
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'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\n'
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>>> fo.close()
>>> fo.read() #对象已关闭,在读取就读不到
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Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
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>>> f1 = file ( "/root/a.txt" )
>>> f1.read()
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'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\n'
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>>> f1.close()
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写文件:
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # ls -l new.txt
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ls: cannot access new.txt: No such file or directory
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>>> fnew = open ( "/root/new.txt" , 'w' ) w参数文件没有则创建
>>> fnew.write( 'hello \n i am dave' )
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这时查看文件数据其实还只是在缓存区中,没有真正落到文件上.
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat new.txt
root@10.1.6.200:~ #
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只要我把文件关闭,数据会从缓存区写到文件里
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>>> fnew.close()
root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat new.txt
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hello
i am dave
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再次使用w参数,文件会被清空,所以用该参数需要谨慎.
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>>> fnew = open ( "/root/new.txt" , "w" )
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat new.txt
root@10.1.6.200:~ #
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mode使用r+参数:
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>>> fnew = open ( "/root/new.txt" , 'r+' )
>>> fnew.read()
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'hello dave'
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>>> fnew.write( 'i am dave' )
>>> fnew.close()
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat new.txt
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hello davei am dave
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这次打开文件,直接写入,会发现ooo替换开头字母,因为上面读取操作使用了指针在写就写在后面.而这次是直接从头写入.
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>>> fnew = open ( "/root/new.txt" , 'r+' )
>>> fnew.write( 'ooo' )
>>> fnew.close()
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat new.txt
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ooolo davei am dave
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文件对象方法
下面文件对象方法
- FileObject.close()
- String=FileObject.readline([size])
- List = FileObject.readlines([size])
- String = FileObject.read([size]) read:读取所有数据
- FileObject.next()
- FileObject.write(string)
- FileObject.writelines(List)
- FlieObject.seek(偏移量,选项)
- FlieObject.flush() 提交更新
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>>> for i in open ( "/root/a.txt" ): 用 open 可以返回迭代类型的变量,可以逐行读取数据
... print i
...
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hello davehe
i am emily
emily emily
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FileObject.readline: 每次读取文件的一行,size是指每行每次读取size个字节,直到行的末尾,超出范围会读取空字符串
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>>> f1 = open ( "/root/a.txt" )
>>> f1.readline()
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'hello davehe\n'
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>>> f1.readline()
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'i am emily\n'
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>>> f1.readline()
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'emily emily\n'
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>>> f1.readline()
''
>>> f1.readline()
''
>>>f1.close()
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FileObject.readlines:返回一个列表
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>>> f1 = open ( "/root/a.txt" )
>>> f1.readlines()
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['hello davehe\n', 'i am emily\n', 'emily emily\n']''
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FileObject.next:返回当前行,并将文件指针到下一行,超出范围会给予警示,停止迭代.
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>>> f1 = open ( "/root/a.txt" )
>>> f1. next ()
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'hello davehe\n'
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>>> f1. next ()
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'i am emily\n'
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>>> f1. next ()
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'emily emily\n'
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>>> f1. next ()
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Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration
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FileObject.write:write和后面writelines在写入前会是否清除文件中原来所有的数据,在重新写入新的内容,取决于打开文件的模式.
FileObject.writelines(List):多行写,效率比write高,速度更快,少量写入可以使用write
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>>> l = [ "python\n" , "python\n" , "python\n" ]
>>> f1 = open ( '/root/a.txt' , 'a' )
>>> f1.writelines(l)
>>> f1.close()
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat a.txt
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hello davehe
i am emily
emily emily
python
python
python
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FlieObject.seek(偏移量,选项):可以在文件中移动文件指针到不同的位置.
位置的默认值为0,代表从文件开头算起(即绝对偏移量),1代表从当前位置算起,2代表从文件末尾算起.
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>>> f1 = open ( '/root/a.txt' , 'r+' )
>>> f1.read()
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'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\npython\npython\npython\n'
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>>> f1.seek( 0 , 0 ) 指针指到开头,在读
>>> f1.read()
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'hello davehe\ni am emily\nemily emily\npython\npython\npython\n'
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>>> f1.read()
''
>>> f1.seek( 0 , 0 )
>>> f1.seek( 0 , 2 ) 指针指到末尾,在读
>>> f1.read()
''
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下面看个小实例,查找a.txt中emily出现几次
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # vim file.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
import re
f1 = open ( '/root/a.txt' )
count = 0
for s in f1.readlines():
li = re.findall( "emily" ,s)
if len (li) > 0 :
count = count + len (li)
print "this is have %d emily" % count
f1.close()
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # cat a.txt
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hello davehe
i am emily
emily emily
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root@10.1.6.200:~ # python file.py
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this is have 3 emily
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