复制数据库的最佳方法是什么？

When I want to make a copy of a database, I always create a new empty database, and then restore a backup of the existing database into it. However, I'm wondering if this is really the least error-prone, least complicated, and most efficient way to do this?

当我想制作数据库的副本时，我总是创建一个新的空数据库，然后将现有数据库的备份还原到其中。但是，我想知道这是否真的是最不容易出错，最简单，最有效的方法吗？

5 个解决方案

#1

Backup and Restore is the most straight-forward way I know. You have to be careful between servers as security credentials don't come with the restored database.

备份和恢复是我所知道的最直接的方式。您必须小心服务器之间，因为恢复的数据库不附带安全凭据。

#2

It is possible to skip the step of creating the empty database. You can create the new database as part of the restore process.

可以跳过创建空数据库的步骤。您可以在还原过程中创建新数据库。

This is actually the easiest and best way I know of to clone a database. You can eliminate errors by scripting the backup and restore process rather than running it through the SQL Server Management Studio

这实际上是我知道克隆数据库的最简单和最好的方法。您可以通过编写备份和还原过程的脚本来消除错误，而不是通过SQL Server Management Studio运行它

There are two other options you could explore:

您还可以探索其他两个选项：

Detach the database, copy the .mdf file and re-attach.
分离数据库，复制.mdf文件并重新附加。
Use SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) to copy all the objects over
使用SQL Server Integration Services（SSIS）复制所有对象

I suggest sticking with backup and restore and automating if necessary.

我建议坚持备份和恢复，并在必要时自动化。

#3

Here's a dynamic sql script I've used in the past. It can be further modified but it will give you the basics. I prefer scripting it to avoid the mistakes you can make using the Management Studio:

这是我过去使用的动态sql脚本。它可以进一步修改，但它将为您提供基础知识。我更喜欢编写脚本以避免使用Management Studio可能出现的错误：


Declare @OldDB varchar(100)
Declare @NewDB varchar(100)
Declare @vchBackupPath varchar(255)
Declare @query varchar(8000)


/*Test code to implement 
Select @OldDB = 'Pubs'
Select @NewDB = 'Pubs2'
Select @vchBackupPath = '\\dbserver\C$\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Backup\pubs.bak'
*/

SET NOCOUNT ON;

Select @query = 'Create Database ' + @NewDB
exec(@query)

Select @query = '
Declare @vBAKPath varchar(256)
declare @oldMDFName varchar(100)
declare @oldLDFName varchar(100)
declare @newMDFPath varchar(100)
declare @newLDFPath varchar(100)
declare @restQuery varchar(800)

select @vBAKPath = ''' + @vchBackupPath + '''
select @oldLDFName = name from ' + @OldDB +'.dbo.sysfiles where filename like ''%.ldf%''
select @oldMDFName = name from  ' + @OldDB +'.dbo.sysfiles where filename like ''%.mdf%''
select @newMDFPath = physical_name from ' + @NewDB +'.sys.database_files where type_desc = ''ROWS''
select @newLDFPath = physical_name from ' + @NewDB +'.sys.database_files where type_desc = ''LOG''

select @restQuery = ''RESTORE DATABASE ' + @NewDB + 
' FROM DISK = N'' + '''''''' + @vBAKpath + '''''''' + 
'' WITH MOVE N'' + '''''''' + @oldMDFName + '''''''' +  
'' TO N'' + '''''''' + @newMDFPath + '''''''' +  
'', MOVE N'' + '''''''' + @oldLDFName + '''''''' +  
'' TO N'' + '''''''' + @newLDFPath + '''''''' +  
'', NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 10''

exec(@restQuery)
--print @restQuery'


exec(@query)

#4

The Publish to Provider functionality has worked great for me. See Scott Gu's Blog Entry.

发布到提供程序功能对我来说非常有用。请参阅Scott Gu的博客文章。

If you need something really robust look at redgate software's tools here...if you are doing much SQL at all, these are worth the $$.

如果你需要一些非常强大的东西，请看一下redgate软件的工具......如果你做了很多SQL，那么这些都是值得的。

#5

::================ BackUpAllMyDatabases.cmd ============= START
::BackUpAllMyDatabases.cmd
:: COMMAND LINE BATCH SCRIPT FOR TAKING BACKUP OF ALL DATABASES 

::RUN THE SQL SCRIPT VIA THE COMMAND LINE WITH LOGGING 
sqlcmd -S localhost -e  -i "BackUpAllMyDatabases.sql" -o Result_Of_BackUpAllMyDatabases.log

::VIEW THE RESULTS
Result_Of_BackUpAllMyDatabases.log

::pause
::================ BackUpAllMyDatabases.cmd ============= END


--=================================================BackUpAllMyDatabases.sql start
DECLARE @DBName varchar(255)

DECLARE @DATABASES_Fetch int

DECLARE DATABASES_CURSOR CURSOR FOR
    select
        DATABASE_NAME   = db_name(s_mf.database_id)
    from
        sys.master_files s_mf
    where
       -- ONLINE
        s_mf.state = 0 

       -- Only look at databases to which we have access
    and has_dbaccess(db_name(s_mf.database_id)) = 1 

        -- Not master, tempdb or model
    --and db_name(s_mf.database_id) not in ('Master','tempdb','model')
    group by s_mf.database_id
    order by 1

OPEN DATABASES_CURSOR

FETCH NEXT FROM DATABASES_CURSOR INTO @DBName

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    declare @DBFileName varchar(256)    
    set @DBFileName = @DbName + '_' + replace(convert(varchar, getdate(), 112), '-', '.') + '.bak'
--REMEMBER TO PUT HERE THE TRAILING \ FOR THE DIRECTORY !!!
    exec ('BACKUP DATABASE [' + @DBName + '] TO  DISK = N''D:\DATA\BACKUPS\' + 
        @DBFileName + ''' WITH NOFORMAT, INIT,  NAME = N''' + 
        @DBName + '-Full Database Backup'', SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD,  STATS = 100')

    FETCH NEXT FROM DATABASES_CURSOR INTO @DBName
END

CLOSE DATABASES_CURSOR
DEALLOCATE DATABASES_CURSOR

--BackUpAllMyDatabases==========================end

--======================RestoreDbFromFile.sql start
-- Restore database from file
-----------------------------------------------------------------
use master
go

declare @backupFileName varchar(100), @restoreDirectory varchar(100),
@databaseDataFilename varchar(100), @databaseLogFilename varchar(100),
@databaseDataFile varchar(100), @databaseLogFile varchar(100),
@databaseName varchar(100), @execSql nvarchar(1000)

-- Set the name of the database to restore
set @databaseName = 'ReplaceDataBaseNameHere'
-- Set the path to the directory containing the database backup
set @restoreDirectory = 'ReplaceRestoreDirectoryHere' -- such as 'c:\temp\'

-- Create the backup file name based on the restore directory, the database name and today's date

@backupFileName = @restoreDirectory + @databaseName + '-' + replace(convert(varchar, getdate(), 110), '-', '.') + '.bak'


-- set @backupFileName = 'D:\DATA\BACKUPS\server.poc_test_fbu_20081016.bak'

-- Get the data file and its path
select @databaseDataFile = rtrim([Name]),
@databaseDataFilename = rtrim([Filename])
from master.dbo.sysaltfiles as files
inner join
master.dbo.sysfilegroups as groups
on

files.groupID = groups.groupID
where DBID = (
select dbid
from master.dbo.sysdatabases
where [Name] = @databaseName
)

-- Get the log file and its path
select @databaseLogFile = rtrim([Name]),
@databaseLogFilename = rtrim([Filename])
from master.dbo.sysaltfiles as files
where DBID = (
select dbid
from master.dbo.sysdatabases
where [Name] = @databaseName
)
and
groupID = 0

print 'Killing active connections to the "' + @databaseName + '" database'

-- Create the sql to kill the active database connections
set @execSql = ''
select @execSql = @execSql + 'kill ' + convert(char(10), spid) + ' '
from master.dbo.sysprocesses
where db_name(dbid) = @databaseName
and
DBID <> 0
and
spid <> @@spid
exec (@execSql)

print 'Restoring "' + @databaseName + '" database from "' + @backupFileName + '" with '
print ' data file "' + @databaseDataFile + '" located at "' + @databaseDataFilename + '"'
print ' log file "' + @databaseLogFile + '" located at "' + @databaseLogFilename + '"'

set @execSql = '
restore database [' + @databaseName + ']
from disk = ''' + @backupFileName + '''
with
file = 1,
move ''' + @databaseDataFile + ''' to ' + '''' + @databaseDataFilename + ''',
move ''' + @databaseLogFile + ''' to ' + '''' + @databaseLogFilename + ''',
norewind,
nounload,
replace'

exec sp_executesql @execSql

exec('use ' + @databaseName)
go

-- If needed, restore the database user associated with the database
/*
exec sp_revokedbaccess 'myDBUser'
go

exec sp_grantdbaccess 'myDBUser', 'myDBUser'
go

exec sp_addrolemember 'db_owner', 'myDBUser'
go

use master
go
*/
--======================RestoreDbFromFile.sql

#1