Python监控SQL Server数据库服务器磁盘使用情况

本篇博客总结一下Python采集SQL Server数据库服务器的磁盘使用信息，其实这里也是根据需求不断推进演化的一个历程，我们监控服务器的磁盘走了大概这样一个历程：

1：使用SQL Server作业监控磁盘空间

很久之前写过一篇博客“MS SQL 监控磁盘空间告警”，后面对这个脚本进行过多次完善和优化，做成了一个模板。在每台SQL Server服务器上都部署了，确实也很实用。告警也很给力，但是缺点也非常明显。

优点：1： 自己动手DIY，在没有部署运维工具的前提下，确实能提前预警，抛开不足来说，告警还是非常给力的。

缺点: 1： 每台服务器都需要部署，升级也很是麻烦。

2： 数据分散，在模式上有致命的先天不足。监控工具一般为星型结构，采集集中数据。

每台服务器都需要部署，如果有修改，每台服务器都需要发布更新，维护管理不方便。采集的一些数据分散，每台SQL Server数据库都需要保存一点数据。

3： 通用性差，只能监控SQL Server服务器，Linux服务器，我们用的是crontab跑shell+perl脚本来监控磁盘空间并告警。

2： Zabbix监控磁盘告警

后面部署了Zabbix监控工具，Zabbix监控工具功能强大，不仅仅提供了磁盘空间告警功能，还提供了监控磁盘I/O等功能。更重要的是通用性很强大：只要是服务器就能监控，而方法1仅仅能监控SQL Server数据库服务器。

优点： 1： Zabbix监控工具功能强大

2： Zabbix监控工具通用性强

缺点： 1：需要分析磁盘空间的历史数据比较麻烦，二次开发也比较麻烦（个人对zabbix了解不深入，可能对于高手而言，也是非常容易简单的事情，仅仅是个人的一点体会感受）。例如我要获取某个服务器的历史数据，对磁盘的增长情况做分析。需要关联好多表，非常麻烦。简单研究后就直接放弃了。

自从Zabbix监控工具上线后，方法1就显得可有可无。基本上处于被替换的尴尬境地。

3：使用Python脚本采集

这里存粹是为了扩展我自己的工具MyDB的功能，顺手写点Python脚本练手，而且目前而言，只能采集SQL Server服务器的磁盘空间使用情况。功能和通用性不能和Zabbix监控工具比。功能有很多局限性和不足之处，通用性也很差，但是也有一些不错的优点。

优点：  1：不需要部署客户端，也不需要每台服务器去部署（与方法1对比而言）。

2：批量采集，集中保存采集数据。方便统一告警，数据分析。

　　　　 3：简洁与简单，灵活性高：目前就2个表，一个表[dbo].[SERVER_DISK_INFO]保存最近一次采集的磁盘空间使用情况数据，另外一个表[dbo].[SERVER_DISK_INFO_HIS]保存历史数据，可以做一些扩容分析等。

例如，磁盘空间告警了，系统管理员会咨询我，如果进行扩容，需要多大的空间，保证半年内，不会再次出现告警，那么就可以一个脚本计算一下（平均每个月增长值* 月数）

缺点：  1：通用性差，目前只能采集SQL Server数据库服务器的磁盘信息。后续再考虑扩展性。实在没有精力一步到位，慢慢完善扩充。

　　　　 2：功能单一，不像Zabbix，还可以监控磁盘I/O,这个Python脚本就只能采集磁盘空间使用率，并不能扩展其功能，有一定局限性。

脚本get_win_disk_info.py如下所示：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'''

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--  Script Name             :   get_win_disk_info.py

--  Script Auotor           :   潇湘隐者

--  Script Description      :   采集SQL Server数据库的磁盘使用数据，方便统一分析和告警处理！

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

'''

import pymssql

import logging

import os.path

import base64

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

# 第一步，创建一个logger

logger = logging.getLogger()

logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)  # Log等级开关

# 第二步，创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件

#log_path = os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()) + '/logs/'

log_path = '/home/konglb/logs/'

log_name = log_path + 'get_win_disk_info.log'

logfile = log_name

file_handler = logging.FileHandler(logfile, mode='a+')

file_handler.setLevel(logging.ERROR)  # 输出到file的log等级的开关

# 第三步，定义handler的输出格式

formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s")

file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)

# 第四步，将handler添加到logger里面

logger.addHandler(file_handler)

# 如果需要同時需要在終端上輸出，定義一個streamHandler

print_handler = logging.StreamHandler()  # 往屏幕上输出

print_handler.setFormatter(formatter)  # 设置屏幕上显示的格式

logger.addHandler(print_handler)

key=bytes(os.environ.get('key'),encoding="utf8")

cipher_suite = Fernet(key)

with open('/home/konglb/python/conf/ms_db_conf.bin', 'rb') as file_object:

    for line in file_object:

        encryptedpwd = line

decrypt_pwd = (cipher_suite.decrypt(encryptedpwd))

password_decrypted = bytes(decrypt_pwd).decode("utf-8") #convert to string

env_db_user=os.environ.get('db_user')

db_user=base64.b64decode(bytes(env_db_user, encoding="utf8"))

try:

    dest_db_conn = pymssql.connect(host=os.environ.get('db_host'),

                              user=bytes.decode(db_user),

                              password=password_decrypted,

                              database='DATABASE_REPOSITORY',

                              charset="utf8");key=bytes(os.environ.get('key'),encoding="utf8")

    # cursor = dest_db_conn.cursor();

    # as_dict(bool) ：如果设置为True，则后面的查询结果返回的是字典，关键字为查询结果的列名；否则(默认)返回的为list。

    # 可以通过在创建游标时指定as_dict参数来使游标返回字典变量,字典中的键为数据表的列名

    cursor = dest_db_conn.cursor(as_dict=True)

    #DELETE FROM [dbo].[DB_JOB_RUN_ERROR]

    #  WHERE  RUN_DATE_TIME >= CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),120) AS DATETIME);

    sql_text = """INSERT INTO dbo.SERVER_DISK_INFO_HIS

                          ( COLLECT_DATE ,

                            FACTORY_CD ,

                            SERVER_NAME ,              

                            DISK_NAME ,

                            TOTAL_SPACE ,

                            USED_SPACE ,

                            FREE_SPACE ,

                            FREE_PERCENT

                          )

                  SELECT  COLLECT_DATE ,

                          FACTORY_CD ,

                          SERVER_NAME ,

                          DISK_NAME ,

                          TOTAL_SPACE ,

                          USED_SPACE ,

                          FREE_SPACE ,

                          FREE_PERCENT

                  FROM    [dbo].[SERVER_DISK_INFO];

                  TRUNCATE TABLE  [dbo].[SERVER_DISK_INFO];

                """

    cursor.execute(sql_text);

    dest_db_conn.commit()

    sql_text = """

              SELECT  SERVER_CD ,

                      SERVER_IP ,

                      USER_NAME ,

                      dbo.DecryptByPassPhrasePwd(PASSWORD) AS PASSWORD ,

                      SERVER_NAME,

                      DB_VERSION ,

                      INSTANCE_NAME

              FROM   dbo.DB_SERVER_CONFIG

              WHERE  DATABASE_TYPE = 'SQL SERVER'

                      AND COLLECT_DATA = 1;

            """

    cursor.execute(sql_text);

    rows = cursor.fetchall();

    for row in rows:

        try:

            src_db_conn = pymssql.connect(host=row['SERVER_IP'],

                                          user=row['USER_NAME'],

                                          password=row['PASSWORD'],

                                          database='master',

                                          charset="utf8",

                                          autocommit=True);

            sub_cursor = src_db_conn.cursor(as_dict=True)

            if row['DB_VERSION'] <= 2000:

                logger.info(row['SERVER_NAME'] + ' not gather')

                continue

            else:

                #logger.info(row['DB_VERSION'])

                sql_db_patch="SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productlevel') AS  PRODUCT_LEVEL"

                sub_cursor.execute(sql_db_patch)

                db_patch = sub_cursor.fetchone()

                #必须转换，否则返回的为bytes，不是str

                patch_info=  str(db_patch['PRODUCT_LEVEL'], encoding = "utf-8")

                if ((row['DB_VERSION']== 2005) or (row['DB_VERSION'] ==2008  and patch_info == 'RTM')):

                    #logger.info(row['SERVER_NAME'] + ' patch is ' + patch_info)

                    #continue

                    sql_job_info="""

                                    DECLARE @Result            INT;

                                    DECLARE @objectInfo        INT;

                                    DECLARE @DriveInfo        CHAR(1);

                                    DECLARE @TotalSize        VARCHAR(20);

                                    DECLARE @OutDrive        INT;

                                    DECLARE @UnitGB            FLOAT; 

                                    DECLARE @CurrentDate    DATETIME;

                                    DECLARE @ConfValue        INT;

                                    SET @UnitGB = 1073741824.0;

                                    --创建临时表保存服务器磁盘容量信息

                                    CREATE TABLE #DiskCapacity

                                    (

                                        COLLECT_DATE    DATETIME    ,

                                        FACTORY_CD      NVARCHAR(24),

                                        SERVER_NAME        NVARCHAR(64),

                                        DISK_NAME        NVARCHAR(2) ,

                                        TOTAL_SPACE        FLOAT,

                                        USED_SPACE        FLOAT,

                                        FREE_SPACE        FLOAT,

                                        FREE_PERCENT    FLOAT    

                                    );

                                    INSERT #DiskCapacity

                                            (DISK_NAME,FREE_SPACE ) 

                                    EXEC master.dbo.xp_fixeddrives;

                                    EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1

                                    RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;

                                    SELECT @ConfValue = value FROM sys.sysconfigures WHERE comment LIKE '%Ole Automation Procedures%'

                                    IF @ConfValue = 0 

                                    BEGIN

                                        EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;

                                        RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;

                                    END

                                    EXEC @Result = master.sys.sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject',@objectInfo OUT;

                                    DECLARE CR_DiskInfo CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD

                                    FOR SELECT  DISK_NAME FROM #DiskCapacity

                                    ORDER by DISK_NAME

                                    OPEN CR_DiskInfo;

                                    SET @CurrentDate = GETDATE();

                                    FETCH NEXT FROM CR_DiskInfo INTO @DriveInfo

                                    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0

                                    BEGIN

                                        EXEC @Result = sp_OAMethod @objectInfo,'GetDrive', @OutDrive OUT, @DriveInfo

                                        EXEC @Result = sp_OAGetProperty @OutDrive,'TotalSize', @TotalSize OUT

                                        UPDATE #DiskCapacity

                                        SET TOTAL_SPACE=ROUND(@TotalSize/@UnitGB,2), COLLECT_DATE=@CurrentDate,

                                            FACTORY_CD=%s, SERVER_NAME=@@SERVERNAME,

                                            --USED_SPACE=(@TotalSize-FREE_SPACE)/@UnitGB,

                                            --FREE_PERCENT=FREE_SPACE/@TotalSize*100,

                                            FREE_SPACE=ROUND(FREE_SPACE/1024,2)

                                        WHERE DISK_NAME =@DriveInfo

                                        UPDATE #DiskCapacity

                                        SET USED_SPACE=(TOTAL_SPACE-FREE_SPACE),

                                            FREE_PERCENT=ROUND(FREE_SPACE/TOTAL_SPACE*100,2)

                                        WHERE DISK_NAME =@DriveInfo

                                        FETCH NEXT FROM CR_DiskInfo INTO @DriveInfo

                                    END

                                    CLOSE CR_DiskInfo

                                    DEALLOCATE CR_DiskInfo;

                                    EXEC @Result=sp_OADestroy @objectInfo

                                    EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1

                                    RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;

                                    IF @ConfValue = 0 

                                    BEGIN

                                        EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 0;

                                        RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;

                                    END

                                    EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0

                                    RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;

                                    SELECT * FROM #DiskCapacity                              

                                 """

                    sub_cursor.execute(sql_job_info, row['SERVER_CD']);

                    job_rows = sub_cursor.fetchall();

                    src_db_conn.close()

                    error_job_info = []

                    for sub_row in job_rows:

                        data = (

                        sub_row['COLLECT_DATE'], sub_row['FACTORY_CD'], sub_row['SERVER_NAME'], sub_row['DISK_NAME'],

                        sub_row['TOTAL_SPACE'], sub_row['USED_SPACE'], sub_row['FREE_SPACE'], sub_row['FREE_PERCENT'])

                        error_job_info.append(data)

                    '''

                    logger.info('2008 2005')

                    logger.info(row['SERVER_NAME'])

                    sub_cursor.callproc('[msdb].[dbo].[sp_get_diskinfo]')

                    result_rows =sub_cursor.fetchall()

                    src_db_conn.close()

                    error_job_info = []

                    for sub_row in result_rows:

                        data = (

                        sub_row['COLLECT_DATE'], sub_row['FACTORY_CD'], sub_row['SERVER_NAME'], sub_row['DISK_NAME'],

                        sub_row['TOTAL_SPACE'], sub_row['USED_SPACE'], sub_row['FREE_SPACE'], sub_row['FREE_PERCENT'])

                        error_job_info.append(data)

                    '''

                else:

                    sql_job_info = """WITH Server_Disk AS 

                                      (

                                              SELECT DISTINCT

                                                  REPLACE(vs.volume_mount_point, ':\\' , '') AS DISK_NAME,

                                                  CAST(VS.total_bytes/1024.0/1024/1024 AS NUMERIC(18,2) ) AS [TOTAL_SPACE],

                                                  CAST(VS.available_bytes/1024.0/1024/1024  AS NUMERIC(18,2)) AS [FREE_SPACE]

                                              FROM  sys.master_files AS f

                                              CROSS APPLY sys.dm_os_volume_stats(f.database_id, f.file_id) AS vs

                                      )

                                      SELECT  GETDATE()         AS COLLECT_DATE,

                                            %s                     AS FACTORY_CD  ,

                                              @@SERVERNAME        AS SERVER_NAME ,

                                              D.DISK_NAME            AS DISK_NAME,

                                              D.[TOTAL_SPACE]    AS TOTAL_SPACE,

                                              D.[TOTAL_SPACE] - D.[FREE_SPACE]  

                                                                  AS USED_SPACE,

                                              D.[FREE_SPACE]    AS FREE_SPACE,

                                              CAST(D.[FREE_SPACE] * 100 / D.[TOTAL_SPACE] AS NUMERIC(18, 2)) AS FREE_PERCENT

                                      FROM    Server_Disk AS D

                                      ORDER BY D.DISK_NAME;

                                   """

                    sub_cursor.execute(sql_job_info, row['SERVER_CD']);

                    job_rows = sub_cursor.fetchall();

                    src_db_conn.close()

                    error_job_info = []

                    for sub_row in job_rows:

                        data = (sub_row['COLLECT_DATE'], sub_row['FACTORY_CD'], sub_row['SERVER_NAME'], sub_row['DISK_NAME'],

                                sub_row['TOTAL_SPACE'], sub_row['USED_SPACE'], sub_row['FREE_SPACE'], sub_row['FREE_PERCENT'])

                        error_job_info.append(data)

                save_job_info = """                                    

                                 INSERT  INTO dbo.SERVER_DISK_INFO

                                             (   COLLECT_DATE

                                               , FACTORY_CD

                                               , SERVER_NAME

                                               , DISK_NAME

                                               , TOTAL_SPACE

                                               , USED_SPACE

                                               , FREE_SPACE

                                               , FREE_PERCENT

                                             )

                                 VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%d,%d,%d,%d)"""

                cursor.executemany(save_job_info, error_job_info);

                dest_db_conn.commit()

                logger.info(row['SERVER_NAME'] + ' gather successful')

        except  pymssql.InterfaceError as fe:

            logger.error(fe.message)

        except  pymssql.DatabaseError as e:

            dest_db_conn.rollback();

            logger.error(row['SERVER_IP'] + ' 采集出错，请检查处理异常')

            logger.error(e)

        finally:

            src_db_conn.close()

except pymssql.InterfaceError as fe:

    logger.error(fe.message)

except  pymssql.DatabaseError as e:

    dest_db_conn.rollback();

    logger.error(row['SERVER_IP'] + ' 采集出错，请检查处理异常')

    logger.error(e)

finally:

    dest_db_conn.close()