本文主要介绍的关于Python切片赋值的相关内容,分享出来供大家参考学习,下面来一起看看详细的介绍:
昨天有同学问了我这么个问题:
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t = [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]
t[ 1 : 1 ] = [ 7 ] # 感谢@一往直前 的疑问,之前写为 t[1:1] = 7了
print t # 输出 [1, 7, 2, 3]
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这个问题之前还真没遇到过,有谁会对列表这么进行赋值吗?不过对于这个输出结果的原因确实值得去再了解下,毕竟之前也看过《Python源码分析》。(题外话:据说最近有大牛在写新的版本)
想着今天有空看看Python的源码,去了解下原理是什么。
注:我本地之前下载的是Python2.7.6的代码,直接看的这个。
在Objects/listobject.c中有一个 PyList_SetSlice 函数,是这么写的:
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int
PyList_SetSlice(PyObject * a, Py_ssize_t ilow, Py_ssize_t ihigh, PyObject * v)
{
if (!PyList_Check(a)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return - 1 ;
}
return list_ass_slice((PyListObject * )a, ilow, ihigh, v);
}
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有用的一句就是 list_ass_slice ,那么再来看看这个函数的代码:
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static int
list_ass_slice(PyListObject * a, Py_ssize_t ilow, Py_ssize_t ihigh, PyObject * v)
{
/ * Because [X]DECREF can recursively invoke list operations on
this list , we must postpone all [X]DECREF activity until
after the list is back in its canonical shape. Therefore
we must allocate an additional array, 'recycle' , into which
we temporarily copy the items that are deleted from the
list . : - ( * /
PyObject * recycle_on_stack[ 8 ];
PyObject * * recycle = recycle_on_stack; / * will allocate more if needed * /
PyObject * * item;
PyObject * * vitem = NULL;
PyObject * v_as_SF = NULL; / * PySequence_Fast(v) * /
Py_ssize_t n; / * # of elements in replacement list */
Py_ssize_t norig; / * # of elements in list getting replaced */
Py_ssize_t d; / * Change in size * /
Py_ssize_t k;
size_t s;
int result = - 1 ; / * guilty until proved innocent * /
#define b ((PyListObject *)v)
if (v = = NULL)
n = 0 ;
else {
if (a = = b) {
/ * Special case "a[i:j] = a" - - copy b first * /
v = list_slice(b, 0 , Py_SIZE(b));
if (v = = NULL)
return result;
result = list_ass_slice(a, ilow, ihigh, v);
Py_DECREF(v);
return result;
}
v_as_SF = PySequence_Fast(v, "can only assign an iterable" );
if (v_as_SF = = NULL)
goto Error;
/ *
the5fire注:
要赋值的长度n
* /
n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(v_as_SF);
vitem = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(v_as_SF);
}
if (ilow < 0 )
ilow = 0 ;
else if (ilow > Py_SIZE(a))
ilow = Py_SIZE(a);
if (ihigh < ilow)
ihigh = ilow;
else if (ihigh > Py_SIZE(a))
ihigh = Py_SIZE(a);
norig = ihigh - ilow;
assert (norig > = 0 );
d = n - norig;
if (Py_SIZE(a) + d = = 0 ) {
Py_XDECREF(v_as_SF);
return list_clear(a);
}
item = a - >ob_item;
/ * recycle the items that we are about to remove * /
s = norig * sizeof(PyObject * );
if (s > sizeof(recycle_on_stack)) {
recycle = (PyObject * * )PyMem_MALLOC(s);
if (recycle = = NULL) {
PyErr_NoMemory();
goto Error;
}
}
memcpy(recycle, &item[ilow], s);
if (d < 0 ) { / * Delete - d items * /
memmove(&item[ihigh + d], &item[ihigh],
(Py_SIZE(a) - ihigh) * sizeof(PyObject * ));
list_resize(a, Py_SIZE(a) + d);
item = a - >ob_item;
}
else if (d > 0 ) { / * Insert d items * /
k = Py_SIZE(a);
if (list_resize(a, k + d) < 0 )
goto Error;
item = a - >ob_item;
printf( "关键点\n" );
/ *
the5fire注:
把 list 对应切片后一位的值之后的所有内容向后移动所赋值的大小
按照上面的python代码这里就是
原理的t:
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
后移一位,因为 len ([ 7 ]) = 1
| 1 |空| 2 | 3 |把后两个移位
* /
memmove(&item[ihigh + d], &item[ihigh],
(k - ihigh) * sizeof(PyObject * ));
}
/ *
the5fire注:
赋值操作,即把[ 7 ]赋值到t里的对应位置上
ilow是 1 , n是 1
* /
for (k = 0 ; k < n; k + + , ilow + + ) {
PyObject * w = vitem[k];
Py_XINCREF(w);
item[ilow] = w;
}
for (k = norig - 1 ; k > = 0 ; - - k)
Py_XDECREF(recycle[k]);
result = 0 ;
Error:
if (recycle ! = recycle_on_stack)
PyMem_FREE(recycle);
Py_XDECREF(v_as_SF);
return result;
#undef b
}
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看了知乎,*上的解答,发现源码还是最好的解释。上述关键位置已经加了注释,应该很好理解。
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:https://www.the5fire.com/python-slice-assignment-analyse-souce-code.html