requests是python实现的简单易用的HTTP库,使用起来比urllib简洁很多
因为是第三方库,所以使用前需要cmd安装
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pip install requests
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安装完成后import一下,正常则说明可以开始使用了。
基本用法:
requests.get()用于请求目标网站,类型是一个HTTPresponse类型
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import requests
response = requests.get( 'http://www.baidu.com' )
print (response.status_code) # 打印状态码
print (response.url) # 打印请求url
print (response.headers) # 打印头信息
print (response.cookies) # 打印cookie信息print(response.text) #以文本形式打印网页源码
print (response.content) #以字节流形式打印
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运行结果:
状态码:200
各种请求方式:
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import requests
requests.get( 'http://httpbin.org/get' )
requests.post( 'http://httpbin.org/post' )
requests.put( 'http://httpbin.org/put' )
requests. delete ( 'http://httpbin.org/delete' )
requests.head( 'http://httpbin.org/get' )
requests.options( 'http://httpbin.org/get' )
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基本的get请求
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import requests
response = requests.get( 'http://httpbin.org/get' ) print (response.text)
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带参数的GET请求:
第一种直接将参数放在url内
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import requests
response = requests.get(http: //httpbin.org/get?name=gemey&age=22)print(response.text)
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解析json
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import requests
response = requests.get( 'http://httpbin.org/get' )
print (response.text)
print (response.json()) #response.json()方法同json.loads(response.text)
print ( type (response.json()))
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案例之一:
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import requests
URL = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php' # 淘宝IP地址库API
try :
r = requests.get(URL, params = { 'ip' : '8.8.8.8' }, timeout = 1 )
r.raise_for_status() # 如果响应状态码不是 200,就主动抛出异常
except requests.RequestException as e:
print (e)
else :
result = r.json()
print ( type (result), result, sep = '\n' )
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使用 Requests 模块,上传文件也是如此简单的,文件的类型会自动进行处理:
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import requests
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/upload'
files = { 'file' : open ( '/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg' , 'rb' )}
#files = {'file': ('report.jpg', open('/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg', 'rb'))} #显式的设置文件名
r = requests.post(url, files = files)
print (r.text)
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import requests
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/upload'
files = { 'file' : ( 'test.txt' , b 'Hello Requests.' )} #必需显式的设置文件名
r = requests.post(url, files = files)
print (r.text)
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