C++实现LeetCode(115.不同的子序列)

[LeetCode] 115. Distinct Subsequences 不同的子序列

Given a string S and a string T, count the number of distinct subsequences of S which equals T.

A subsequence of a string is a new string which is formed from the original string by deleting some (can be none) of the characters without disturbing the relative positions of the remaining characters. (ie, "ACE" is a subsequence of "ABCDE" while "AEC" is not).

Example 1:

Input: S =

"rabbbit"

, T =

"rabbit"
Output: 3

Explanation:

As shown below, there are 3 ways you can generate "rabbit" from S.
(The caret symbol ^ means the chosen letters)

rabbbit

^^^^ ^^

rabbbit

^^ ^^^^

rabbbit

^^^ ^^^

Example 2:

Input: S =

"babgbag"

, T =

"bag"
Output: 5

Explanation:

As shown below, there are 5 ways you can generate "bag" from S.
(The caret symbol ^ means the chosen letters)

babgbag

^^ ^

babgbag

^^ ^

babgbag

^ ^^

babgbag

^ ^^

babgbag

^^^

看到有关字符串的子序列或者配准类的问题，首先应该考虑的就是用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来求解，这个应成为条件反射。而所有 DP 问题的核心就是找出状态转移方程，想这道题就是递推一个二维的 dp 数组，其中 dp[i][j] 表示s中范围是 [0, i] 的子串中能组成t中范围是 [0, j] 的子串的子序列的个数。下面我们从题目中给的例子来分析，这个二维 dp 数组应为：

Ø r a b b b i t
Ø 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
r 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
b 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3
b 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3
i 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

首先，若原字符串和子序列都为空时，返回1，因为空串也是空串的一个子序列。若原字符串不为空，而子序列为空，也返回1，因为空串也是任意字符串的一个子序列。而当原字符串为空，子序列不为空时，返回0，因为非空字符串不能当空字符串的子序列。理清这些，二维数组 dp 的边缘便可以初始化了，下面只要找出状态转移方程，就可以更新整个 dp 数组了。我们通过观察上面的二维数组可以发现，当更新到 dp[i][j] 时，dp[i][j] >= dp[i][j - 1] 总是成立，再进一步观察发现，当 T[i - 1] == S[j - 1] 时，dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + dp[i - 1][j - 1]，若不等， dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1]，所以，综合以上，递推式为：

dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + (T[i - 1] == S[j - 1] ? dp[i - 1][j - 1] : 0)

根据以上分析，可以写出代码如下：

									class Solution {

									public:

									    int numDistinct(string s, string t) {

									        int m = s.size(), n = t.size();

									        vector<vector<long>> dp(n + 1, vector<long>(m + 1));

									        for (int j = 0; j <= m; ++j) dp[0][j] = 1;

									        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

									            for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {

									                dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + (t[i - 1] == s[j - 1] ? dp[i - 1][j - 1] : 0);

									            }

									        }

									        return dp[n][m];

									    }

									};