Elasticsearch 中文搜索搭建

Elasticsearch 简称es，本文以elasticsearch2.3.1为例进行安装。
根据自己的需求，替换 username 和 serverhost 的值。

预备阶段

本地电脑终端 登录服务器并切换至用户目录下:

$ ssh -o ServerAliveInterval=60 username@serverhost

记得输入username对应的password

$ cd ~

创建目录:

$ mkdir ~/app               # es相关的bin目录
$ mkdir ~/data/es/logs/ -p  # es的log目录
$ mkdir ~/data/es/data/ -p  # es的data目录
$ mkdir ~/local             # es相关java安装目录
$ mkdir ~/pkgs              # es相关安装源文件
$ mkdir ~/workspace         # es相关用户工作空间

安装最新版的java

java
本文以 Linux x64 172.91 MB jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz

$ cd ~/pkgs
$ wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u73-b02/jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz
$ cp jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz ~/local
$ cd ~/local 
$ tar -zxvf jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz
$ rm jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz

如果你在服务器上面无法下载，可以在 本地电脑终端 上面下载后，再通过scp命令复制到服务器上面的~/pkgs目录下面。假设当前路径包含已下载 jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz，执行以下命令:

$ scp jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz username@serverhost:~/pkgs

执行scp命令后，记得username对应输入password！

紧接着，在服务器上面配置java的环境变量。

$ cd ~/local 
$ cd jdk1.8.0_77 
$ pwd
/home/elasticsearch/local/jdk1.8.0_77 
$ vim ~/.bash_profile

在 .bash_profile 中添加：

JAVA_HOME=$HOME/local/jdk1.8.0_77
export JAVA_HOME
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
export CLASSPATH

退出并保持修改，使修改立即生效。

$ source ~/.bash_profile
$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_77"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_77-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.77-b03, mixed mode)

安装Elasticsearch最新版

elasticsearch下载

下载最新包并解压到~/app

修改elasticsearch配置

$ cd ~/app/elasticsearch-2.3.1/config
$ vim elasticsearch.yml

在elasticsearch.yml中修改:

path.data: /home/elasticsearch/data/es/data
path.logs: /home/elasticsearch/data/es/logs
cluster.name: yourawesomename
bootstrap.mlockall: true
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1
http.port: 9200
network.host: 0.0.0.0
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["yourserverhost"]

根据自己的需求，替换 cluster.name 和 discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts值，保存并退出。

安装插件

安装中文分词插件

官网

a. 下载

b. 本地解压并打包

$ tar -zxvf elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.9.1.tar.gz
$ cd elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.9.1
$ mvn package

c. 服务器上创建 ik 文件夹

$ mkdir ~/app/elasticsearch-2.3.1/plugins/ik -p

d. 上传本地打包文件到服务器 ik 文件夹并解压

$ scp target/releases/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.9.1.zip username@serverhost:~/app/elasticsearch-2.3.1/plugins/ik

记得输入username对应的password

$ unzip elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.9.0.zip
$ rm elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.9.0.zip

服务器上安装数据库importer

$ cd ~/app/
$ wget http://xbib.org/repository/org/xbib/elasticsearch/importer/elasticsearch-jdbc/2.3.1.0/elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0-dist.zip
$ unzip elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0-dist.zip
$ rm  elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0-dist.zip

服务器上安装数据库head

官网

$ cd ~/app
$ elasticsearch-2.3.1/bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head

启动es

$ cd ~/app/elasticsearch-2.3.1
$ ./bin/elasticsearch -d

Reindexing your data with zero downtime

根据自己的需求，替换index_v1, solution.

创建索引
curl -XPUT localhost:9200/index_v1?pretty -d @index_v1.json

index_v1.json中的内容如下所示:

{
"mappings":
    {
    "solution": {
            "_all": {
                "analyzer": "ik_smart",
                "search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
                "term_vector": "no",
                "store": "false"
            },
            "properties": {
                "btype": {
                     "type": "string",
                     "index": "not_analyzed"
                },
                "title": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "store": "yes",
                    "term_vector": "with_positions_offsets",
                    "analyzer": "ik_smart",
                    "search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
                    "include_in_all": "true",
                    "boost": 8
                },
                "update_time": {
                    "type": "date",
                    "store": "yes",
                    "format": "dateOptionalTime"
                 }
            }
        }
    }
}

定义索引别名

curl -XPOST localhost:9200/_aliases -d '
{
    "actions": [
        { "add": {
            "alias": "myindex",
            "index": "index_v1"
        }}
    ]
}'

服务器上导入数据库数据

$ cd ~/app/elasticsearch-jdbc-2.3.1.0/bin
$ touch index_v1.sh
$ vim index_v1.sh

根据实际情况修改mysql的host:port/database, user, password, sql.

    #!/bin/sh
    DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
    bin=${DIR}/../bin
    lib=${DIR}/../lib
    echo '
    {
        "type" : "jdbc",
        "jdbc" : {
            "elasticsearch" : {
                 "cluster" : "yourawesomename",
                 "host" : "localhost",
                 "port" : 9300
            },
            "url" : "jdbc:mysql://host:port/database",
            "user" : "tester",
            "password" : "12345678",
            "sql" : "select id as _id,type as btype,title,update_time from dbtable",
            "index" : "index_v1",
            "type" : "solution",
            "index_settings" : {
                "index" : {
                    "number_of_shards" : 1
                }
            }
        }
    }
    ' | java \
        -cp "${lib}/*" \
        -Dlog4j.configurationFile=${bin}/log4j2.xml \
        org.xbib.tools.Runner \
        org.xbib.tools.JDBCImporter

保存并退出, index_v1.sh; 执行导入数据库脚本index_v1.sh
$ sh index_v1.sh

数据导入耗时依据导入的数据量，导入完成后不会输入任何信息。

需求更改

curl -XPUT localhost:9200/index_v2 -d @index_v2.json

移除index_v1

curl -XPOST localhost:9200/_aliases -d '
{
    "actions": [
        { "remove": {
            "alias": "myindex",
            "index": "index_v1"
        }},
        { "add": {
            "alias": "myindex",
            "index": "index_v2"
        }}
    ]
}'

删除 index_v1

curl -XDELETE localhost:9200/index_v1

踩坑小分队

批量更新『打开文件过多』

管理员权限，更改open files 为65536。

$ ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 127455
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) unlimited
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 65536
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 1024
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited

批量更新『无法分配内存』

管理员权限，更改/etc/security/limits.conf, for example:

# allow user 'elasticsearch' mlockall
elasticsearch soft memlock unlimited
elasticsearch hard memlock unlimited

批量更新『JVM out of memory』

在.bash_profile添加

export ES_HEAP_SIZE=1g  # 更具实际情况设置 free -m查看使用情况  
source .bash_profile    # 立即生效。

批量更新『 Error: Request error, retrying 』

设置请求批量请求的 [文档大小](
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/master/indexing-performance.html#_using_and_sizing_bulk_requests)

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