最近编程中用到sftp上传文件,且需要用crontab预设定时上传事件。而sftp不同于ftp,没有提供选项如 -i 可以将密码直接编码进程序。使用sftp指令,会自动请求用户输入密码。
总结一下可以避免sftp输入密码的三种方式:
1. lftp方式
LFTP是一款非常著名的字符界面的文件传输工具。支持FTP、HTTP、FISH、SFTP、HTTPS和FTPS协议。
例子:(本例为下载192.168.107.132服务器/home/huangmr下所有文件的例子)
#!/bin/sh HOST=192.168.107.132
USER=huangmr
PASS=huangmr
echo "Starting to sftp..."
lftp -u ${USER},${PASS} sftp://${HOST}:22 <<EOF
cd /home/huangmr
mget *.*
bye
EOF echo "done"
2. expect方式
Expect是一个免费的编程工具语言,用来实现自动和交互式任务进行通信,而无需人的干预。
要使用expect需要预先安装tcl这个东西,然后再安装expect包。
tcl: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tcl8.4.16-src.tar.gz
expect: http://sourceforge.net/projects/expect/files/Expect/5.45/expect5.45.tar.gz/download
例子:
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- #!/usr/local/bin/expect -f
- #<---insert here your expect program location
- #procedure to attempt connecting; result 0 if OK, 1 elsewhere
- proc connect {passw} {
- expect {
- "(yes/no)?" {send "yes/r";exp_continue} #第一次使用SFTP时候会要求输入yes/no
- "password:" {send "$passw/r" #自动输入密码
- expect {
- "sftp*" { #检测返回sftp>
- return 0
- }
- }
- }
- }
- # timed out
- return 1
- }
- #read the input parameters
- set user [lindex $argv 0]
- set passw [lindex $argv 1]
- set host [lindex $argv 2]
- set location [lindex $argv 3]
- set file1 [lindex $argv 4]
- #puts "Am citit:/n";
- #puts "user: $user";
- #puts "passw: $passw";
- #puts "host: $host";
- #puts "location: $location";
- #puts "file1: $file1";
- #check if all were provided
- if { $user == "" || $passw == "" || $host == "" || $location == "" || $file1 == "" } {
- puts "Usage: <user> <passw> <host> <location> <file1 to send>/n"
- exit 1
- }
- #sftp to specified host and send the files
- spawn sftp $user@$host
- set rez [connect $passw]
- if { $rez == 0 } {
- send "cd $location/r"
- set timeout -1
- send "put $file1/r"
- #send "ls -l/r"
- #send "quit/r"
- #send "mkdir testsftp/r"
- send "quit/r"
- expect eof
- exit 0
- }
- puts "/nCMD_ERR: connecting to server: $host!/n"
- exit 1
- 0
expect也可以用两种形式调用
1 ./my.exp $usr $pwd $host $local $file
2. 代码中直接插入
expect<<!
...
!
3. (推荐)生成密钥对
因为这种方式不用把密钥卸载程序里,所以更安全
第一步:生成密匙对,我用的是rsa的密钥。使用命令 "ssh-keygen -t rsa"
[user1@rh user1]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/user1/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e0:f0:3b:d3:0a:3d:da:42:01:6a:61:2f:6c:a0:c6:e7user1@rh.test.com
[user1@rh user1]$
生成的过程中提示输入密钥对保存位置,直接回车,接受默认值就行了。接着会提示输入一个不同于你的password的密码,直接回车,让它空着。
当然,也可以输入一个。(我比较懒,不想每次都要输入密码。) 这样,密钥对就生成完了。
其中公共密钥保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
私有密钥保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
然后改一下 .ssh 目录的权限,使用命令 "chmod 755 ~/.ssh"
[user1@rh user1]$ chmod 755 ~/.ssh
[user1@rh user1]$ chmod 755 ~/.ssh
之后把这个密钥对中的公共密钥复制到你要访问的机器上去,并保存为
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
id_rsa.pub 100% 228 3.2MB/s 00:00
[user1@rh user1]$
之这样就大功告成了。之后再用ssh scp sftp 之类的访问那台机器时,就不用输入密码
了,用在script上更是方便。