heres my code. an opengl4.0 tutorial:
这是我的代码。一个opengl4.0教程:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include "GL/glew.h"
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#define WINDOW_TITLE_PREFIX "Chapter 2"
int CurrentWidth = 800,
CurrentHeight = 600,
WindowHandle = 0;
unsigned FrameCount = 0;
GLuint
VertexShaderId,
FragmentShaderId,
ProgramId,
VaoId,
VboId,
ColorBufferId;
const GLchar* VertexShader =
{
"#version 400\n"\
"layout(location=0) in vec4 in_Position;\n"\
"layout(location=1) in vec4 in_Color;\n"\
"out vec4 ex_Color;\n"\
"void main(void)\n"\
"{\n"\
" gl_Position = in_Position;\n"\
" ex_Color = in_Color;\n"\
"}\n"
};
const GLchar* FragmentShader =
{
"#version 400\n"\
"in vec4 ex_Color;\n"\
"out vec4 out_Color;\n"\
"void main(void)\n"\
"{\n"\
" out_Color = ex_Color;\n"\
"}\n"
};
void Initialize(int, char*[]);
void InitWindow(int argc, char* argv[]);
void ResizeFunction(int, int);
void RenderFunction(void);
void TimerFunction(int);
void IdleFunction(void);
void Cleanup(void);
void CreateVBO(void);
void DestroyVBO(void);
void CreateShaders(void);
void DestroyShaders(void);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Initialize(argc, argv);
glutMainLoop();
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
void Initialize(int argc, char* argv[])
{
GLenum GlewInitResult;
InitWindow(argc, argv);
GlewInitResult = glewInit();
if (GLEW_OK != GlewInitResult) {
fprintf(
stderr,
"ERROR: %s\n",
glewGetErrorString(GlewInitResult)
);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fprintf(
stdout,
"INFO: OpenGL Version: %s\n",
glGetString(GL_VERSION)
);
CreateShaders();
CreateVBO();
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
}
void InitWindow(int argc, char* argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitContextVersion(4, 0);
glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE);
glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE);
glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE,GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS);
glutInitWindowSize(CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
WindowHandle = glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE_PREFIX);
if(WindowHandle < 1) {
fprintf(
stderr,
"ERROR: Could not create a new rendering window.\n"
);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
glutReshapeFunc(ResizeFunction);
glutDisplayFunc(RenderFunction);
glutIdleFunc(IdleFunction);
glutTimerFunc(0, TimerFunction, 0);
glutCloseFunc(Cleanup);
}
void ResizeFunction(int Width, int Height)
{
CurrentWidth = Width;
CurrentHeight = Height;
glViewport(0, 0, CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight);
}
void RenderFunction(void)
{
++FrameCount;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
glutSwapBuffers();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void IdleFunction(void)
{
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void TimerFunction(int Value)
{
if (0 != Value) {
char* TempString = (char*)
malloc(512 + strlen(WINDOW_TITLE_PREFIX));
sprintf(
TempString,
"%s: %d Frames Per Second @ %d x %d",
WINDOW_TITLE_PREFIX,
FrameCount * 10,
CurrentWidth,
CurrentHeight
);
glutSetWindowTitle(TempString);
free(TempString);
}
FrameCount = 0;
glutTimerFunc(100, TimerFunction, 1);
}
void Cleanup(void)
{
DestroyShaders();
DestroyVBO();
}
void CreateVBO(void)
{
GLfloat Vertices[] = {
-0.8f, -0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.8f, -0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
GLfloat Colors[] = {
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f
};
GLenum ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VaoId);
glBindVertexArray(VaoId);
glGenBuffers(1, &VboId);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VboId);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertices), Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glGenBuffers(1, &ColorBufferId);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ColorBufferId);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Colors), Colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
if (ErrorCheckValue != GL_NO_ERROR)
{
fprintf(
stderr,
"ERROR: Could not create a VBO: %s \n",
gluErrorString(ErrorCheckValue)
);
exit(-1);
}
}
void DestroyVBO(void)
{
GLenum ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &ColorBufferId);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VboId);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VaoId);
ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
if (ErrorCheckValue != GL_NO_ERROR)
{
fprintf(
stderr,
"ERROR: Could not destroy the VBO: %s \n",
gluErrorString(ErrorCheckValue)
);
exit(-1);
}
}
void CreateShaders(void)
{
GLenum ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
VertexShaderId = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(VertexShaderId, 1, &VertexShader, NULL);
glCompileShader(VertexShaderId);
FragmentShaderId = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(FragmentShaderId, 1, &FragmentShader, NULL);
glCompileShader(FragmentShaderId);
ProgramId = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(ProgramId, VertexShaderId);
glAttachShader(ProgramId, FragmentShaderId);
glLinkProgram(ProgramId);
glUseProgram(ProgramId);
ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
if (ErrorCheckValue != GL_NO_ERROR)
{
fprintf(
stderr,
"ERROR: Could not create the shaders: %s \n",
gluErrorString(ErrorCheckValue)
);
exit(-1);
}
}
void DestroyShaders(void)
{
GLenum ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
glUseProgram(0);
glDetachShader(ProgramId, VertexShaderId);
glDetachShader(ProgramId, FragmentShaderId);
glDeleteShader(FragmentShaderId);
glDeleteShader(VertexShaderId);
glDeleteProgram(ProgramId);
ErrorCheckValue = glGetError();
if (ErrorCheckValue != GL_NO_ERROR)
{
fprintf(
stderr,
"ERROR: Could not destroy the shaders: %s \n",
gluErrorString(ErrorCheckValue)
);
exit(-1);
}
}
its the full code to what i have in code blocks using mingw that is running on windows 7 x64. its chapter 2 of openglbook.com. its supposed to implement im implementing glew32s, freeglut and opengl in the project link settings (not compiler) and in that order.
这是在windows 7 x64上运行的mingw代码块的完整代码。openglbook.com的第二章。它应该实现im实现glew32s、freeglut和opengl在项目链接设置(不是编译器)和那个顺序。
i hear running dynamically is better but i get a bunch of undefined glew command errors if i go dynamic. so i had to setup the "#define glew_static" with glew32s in the linker.
我听说动态运行更好，但是如果我动态运行的话，会得到一堆未定义的glew命令错误。所以我必须在链接器中设置“#define glew_static”，其中包含glew32。
what could be causing this?
是什么导致了这种情况?
-------------- Build: Debug in 40 (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler)---------------
mingw32-g++.exe -Wall -g -ID:\backup\funstuff\programming\freeglut\include -c D:\backup\funstuff\programming\40\main.cpp -o obj\Debug\main.o
mingw32-g++.exe -o bin\Debug\40.exe obj\Debug\main.o -lglew32s -lfreeglut -lopengl32
Warning: .drectve `/DEFAULTLIB:"LIBCMT" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" ' unrecognized
obj\Debug\main.o: In function `Z9CreateVBOv':
D:/backup/funstuff/programming/40/main.cpp:219: undefined reference to `gluErrorString@4'
obj\Debug\main.o: In function `Z10DestroyVBOv':
D:/backup/funstuff/programming/40/main.cpp:247: undefined reference to `gluErrorString@4'
obj\Debug\main.o: In function `Z13CreateShadersv':
D:/backup/funstuff/programming/40/main.cpp:278: undefined reference to `gluErrorString@4'
obj\Debug\main.o: In function `Z14DestroyShadersv':
D:/backup/funstuff/programming/40/main.cpp:305: undefined reference to `gluErrorString@4'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minutes, 1 seconds)
4 errors, 1 warnings (0 minutes, 1 seconds)
*edit*
*编辑*
I've downloaded wsys and installed mingw to a seperate directory and recompiled glew-1.9.0 and replaced the dll and libs. Still the same error, however without the ~~~~~~~~~~~>Warning: .drectve `/DEFAULTLIB:"LIBCMT" /DEFAULTLIB:"OLDNAMES" ' unrecognized<~~~~~~~ warning.
我下载了wsys并将mingw安装到一个独立的目录中，重新编译glew-1.9.0，并替换了dll和libs。然而，如果没有~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ !
Which btw, was only present because the compiled DLL and libs from glews website were done on VisualC.
顺便说一句，它的出现仅仅是因为来自glews网站的编译DLL和libs是在VisualC上完成的。
1 个解决方案
#1
2
gluErrorString is defined in glu.h and is located in the glu32.dll. glu32.dll was not added to the linker settings, therefore my code didnt fully recognize these lines.
gluErrorString在glu中定义。h位于glu32.dll中。glu32。dll没有添加到链接器设置中，因此我的代码没有完全识别这些行。
#1
2
gluErrorString is defined in glu.h and is located in the glu32.dll. glu32.dll was not added to the linker settings, therefore my code didnt fully recognize these lines.
gluErrorString在glu中定义。h位于glu32.dll中。glu32。dll没有添加到链接器设置中，因此我的代码没有完全识别这些行。