基于java Files类和Paths类的用法(详解)

时间:2022-09-07 14:52:26

Java7中文件IO发生了很大的变化,专门引入了很多新的类:

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import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;

......等等,来取代原来的基于java.io.File的文件IO操作方式.

1. Path就是取代File的

A Path represents a path that is hierarchical and composed of a sequence of directory and file name elements separated by a special separator or delimiter.

Path用于来表示文件路径和文件。可以有多种方法来构造一个Path对象来表示一个文件路径,或者一个文件:

1)首先是final类Paths的两个static方法,如何从一个路径字符串来构造Path对象:

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Path path = Paths.get("C:/", "Xmp");
    Path path2 = Paths.get("C:/Xmp");
    
    URI u = URI.create("file:///C:/Xmp/dd");   
    Path p = Paths.get(u);

2)FileSystems构造:

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Path path3 = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("C:/", "access.log");

3)File和Path之间的转换,File和URI之间的转换:

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File file = new File("C:/my.ini");
Path p1 = file.toPath();
p1.toFile();
file.toURI();

4)创建一个文件:

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Path target2 = Paths.get("C:\\mystuff.txt");
//   Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rw-rw-rw-");
//   FileAttribute<Set<PosixFilePermission>> attrs = PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(perms);
try {
  if(!Files.exists(target2))
Files.createFile(target2);
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

windows下不支持PosixFilePermission来指定rwx权限。

5)Files.newBufferedReader读取文件:

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try {
//      Charset.forName("GBK")
      BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("C:\\my.ini"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      String str = null;
      while((str = reader.readLine()) != null){
        System.out.println(str);
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

可以看到使用 Files.newBufferedReader 远比原来的FileInputStream,然后BufferedReader包装,等操作简单的多了。

这里如果指定的字符编码不对,可能会抛出异常 MalformedInputException ,或者读取到了乱码:

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java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException: Input length = 1
  at java.nio.charset.CoderResult.throwException(CoderResult.java:281)
  at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:339)
  at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
  at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
  at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
  at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
  at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
  at com.coin.Test.main(Test.java:79)

6)文件写操作:

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try {
  BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("C:\\my2.ini"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
  writer.write("测试文件写操作");
  writer.flush();
  writer.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
  e1.printStackTrace();
}

7)遍历一个文件夹:

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Path dir = Paths.get("D:\\webworkspace");
    try(DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)){
      for(Path e : stream){
        System.out.println(e.getFileName());
      }
    }catch(IOException e){
      
    }
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try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.list(Paths.get("C:/"))){
      Iterator<Path> ite = stream.iterator();
      while(ite.hasNext()){
        Path pp = ite.next();
        System.out.println(pp.getFileName());
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

上面是遍历单个目录,它不会遍历整个目录。遍历整个目录需要使用:Files.walkFileTree

8)遍历整个文件目录:

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public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
    Path startingDir = Paths.get("C:\\apache-tomcat-8.0.21");
    List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
    Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));
    System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());   
  }
  
  private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{
    private List<Path> result;
    public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){
      this.result = result;
    }
    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){
      if(file.toString().endsWith(".java")){
        result.add(file.getFileName());
      }
      return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }
  }

来一个实际例子:

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public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    Path startingDir = Paths.get("F:\\upload\\images");  // F:\\upload\\images\\2\\20141206
    List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
    Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));
    System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());
    
    System.out.println("done.");
  }
  
  private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{
    private List<Path> result;
    public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){
      this.result = result;
    }
    
    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){
      String filePath = file.toFile().getAbsolutePath();   
      if(filePath.matches(".*_[1|2]{1}\\.(?i)(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png)")){
        try {
          Files.deleteIfExists(file);
        } catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
       result.add(file.getFileName());
      } return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }
  }

将目录下面所有符合条件的图片删除掉:filePath.matches(".*_[1|2]{1}\\.(?i)(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png)")

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public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    Path startingDir = Paths.get("F:\\111111\\upload\\images");  // F:\111111\\upload\\images\\2\\20141206
    List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();
    Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));
    System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());
    
    System.out.println("done.");
  }
  
  private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{
    private List<Path> result;
    public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){
      this.result = result;
    }
    
    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){
      String filePath = file.toFile().getAbsolutePath();
      int width = 224;
      int height = 300;
      StringUtils.substringBeforeLast(filePath, ".");
      String newPath = StringUtils.substringBeforeLast(filePath, ".") + "_1."
                      + StringUtils.substringAfterLast(filePath, ".");
      try {
        ImageUtil.zoomImage(filePath, newPath, width, height);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
      }
      result.add(file.getFileName());
      return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }
  }

为目录下的所有图片生成指定大小的缩略图。a.jpg 则生成 a_1.jpg

2. 强大的java.nio.file.Files

1)创建目录和文件:

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try {
  Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));
  if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))
  Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));
//  Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

注意创建目录和文件Files.createDirectories 和 Files.createFile不能混用,必须先有目录,才能在目录中创建文件。

2)文件复制:

从文件复制到文件:Files.copy(Path source, Path target, CopyOption options);

从输入流复制到文件:Files.copy(InputStream in, Path target, CopyOption options);

从文件复制到输出流:Files.copy(Path source, OutputStream out);

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try {
  Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));
  if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))
  Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));
// Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));
  Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"), System.out);
  Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"), Paths.get("C://my2.ini"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
  Files.copy(System.in, Paths.get("C://my3.ini"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

3)遍历一个目录和文件夹上面已经介绍了:Files.newDirectoryStream , Files.walkFileTree

4)读取文件属性:

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Path zip = Paths.get(uri);
  System.out.println(Files.getLastModifiedTime(zip));
  System.out.println(Files.size(zip));
  System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(zip));
  System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(zip));
  System.out.println(Files.readAttributes(zip, "*"));

5)读取和设置文件权限:

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Path profile = Paths.get("/home/digdeep/.profile");
  PosixFileAttributes attrs = Files.readAttributes(profile, PosixFileAttributes.class);// 读取文件的权限
  Set<PosixFilePermission> posixPermissions = attrs.permissions();
  posixPermissions.clear();
  String owner = attrs.owner().getName();
  String perms = PosixFilePermissions.toString(posixPermissions);
  System.out.format("%s %s%n", owner, perms);
  
  posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_READ);
  posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.GROUP_READ);
  posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OTHERS_READ);
  posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_WRITE);
  
  Files.setPosixFilePermissions(profile, posixPermissions);  // 设置文件的权限

Files类简直强大的一塌糊涂,几乎所有文件和目录的相关属性,操作都有想要的api来支持。这里懒得再继续介绍了,详细参见 jdk8 的文档。

一个实际例子:

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import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
 
public class StringTools {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("C:\\Members.sql"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("C:\\Members3.txt"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 
      String str = null;
      while ((str = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        if (str != null && str.indexOf(", CAST(0x") != -1 && str.indexOf("AS DateTime)") != -1) {
          String newStr = str.substring(0, str.indexOf(", CAST(0x")) + ")";
          writer.write(newStr);
          writer.newLine();
        }
      }
      writer.flush();
      writer.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

场景是,sql server导出数据时,会将 datatime 导成16进制的binary格式,形如:, CAST(0x0000A2A500FC2E4F AS DateTime))

所以上面的程序是将最后一个 datatime 字段导出的 , CAST(0x0000A2A500FC2E4F AS DateTime) 删除掉,生成新的不含有datetime字段值的sql 脚本。用来导入到mysql中。

做到半途,其实有更好的方法,使用sql yog可以很灵活的将sql server中的表以及数据导入到mysql中。使用sql server自带的导出数据的功能,反而不好处理。

以上这篇基于java Files类和Paths类的用法(详解)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/u010889616/article/details/52694061