上一篇 nio简介 下一篇 netty中级篇(2)
一、为什么选择Netty
Netty是最流行的框架之一、健壮性、功能、性能、可定制性和可扩展性在同类框架中首屈一指,因此被大规模使用,例如ROCKETMQ的NameSRV,例如Hadoop的Avro,例如Dubbo中的RPC通信等等。。
为什么选择Netty?
- API简单;
- 功能强大,预置了选多的编码功能,支持多种主流协议;
- 定制能力强,通过ChannelHandler对通信框架进行灵活的扩展;
- 性能强;
- 成熟,修改已发现的JDK nio BUG
- 社区活跃
- 经过大规模的商业应用考验,质量得到验证。
二、使用Netty开发TimeServer
环境准备: pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>demo</groupId>
<artifactId>netty</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.netty/netty-all -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
1. Netty TimeServer
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeServer { public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
//Netty启动Nio服务端的辅助类
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) //设置服务端tcp参数
.childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
// 绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // 进行阻塞,等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
System.out.println("服务器关闭...");
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
} private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel arg0) throws Exception {
arg0.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
} } /**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new TimeServer().bind(port);
}
}
- EventLoopGroup Reactor线程组 2个
- ServerBootstrap:Server端辅助工具
- 设置channel: NioServerSocketChannel
- option: 服务端tcp option设置,这里以backlog 1024为例..
- 增加childHandler
- f.channel().closeFuture().sync()表示进行阻塞,等待服务器端链路关闭之后main函数才退出
2. TimeServerHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body);
String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date(
System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
ctx.write(resp);
} @Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
ctx.close();
}
}
(1) 18行做类型转换,将msg转换为Netty的ByteBuf对象,这个对象比ByteBuffer更加强大和灵活。
(2) 19行到20行通过ByteBuf的readableBytes获取缓冲区可读的字节数,根据可读的字节数创建byte数组。将缓冲区的内容读取到byte数组中。
(3) 31行发现了flush方法,其作用是将消息发送队列中的消息写入到SocketChannel中发送给对方。从性能上考虑,为了防止频繁唤醒Selector进行消息发送,Netty的write方法不直接写入到SocketChannel中,调用write方法只会写入到缓冲数组中,调用flush方法,才会写入到SocketChannel中。
(4) 36行的close()是在发生异常后释放资源
总结: 就是比NIO舒服太多了.
3. Time Client
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeClient { public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
// 配置客户端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
}
}); // 发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); // 当代客户端链路关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
} /**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new TimeClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
}
}
(1) 19行创建客户端处理I/O读写的NioEventLoopGroup线程组,然后继续创建辅助类Bootstrap,并且对其配置,此处配置为 NioSocketChannel,然后为其添加Handler。
(2) 这里Handler直接使用匿名内部类
(3) 33行的connect发送异步连接请求,然后阻塞直到关闭。
4. TimeClientHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import java.util.logging.Logger; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private static final Logger logger = Logger
.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName()); private final ByteBuf firstMessage; /**
* Creates a client-side handler.
*/
public TimeClientHandler() {
byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
firstMessage.writeBytes(req); } @Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);
} @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Now is : " + body);
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
// 释放资源
logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : "
+ cause.getMessage());
ctx.close();
}
}
这里重点关注3个方法: channelActive channelRead和exceptionCaught。
(1) 当客户端和服务器端成功创建链路,调用channelActive方法,发送查询时间的指令给服务端,调用writeAndFlush方法发送数据。
(2) 39行开始调用channelRead,读取数据,49行处理异常时释放资源即可。
三、TCP 粘包/拆包问题的解决之道
1、TCP得粘包和拆包问题
- TCP是一个流协议
- TCP底层不了解业务数据含义,即不知道多少个字节算是业务上的一整体数据
- 因此业务上认为,一个完整的包会被TCP拆分为多个包进行发送,也有可能将多个小的包封装成一个大包进行发送、
用下图进行描述,假设client发送了2个包,D1和D2,服务器端读到的数据是不确定的
存在4种可能:
server 分2次,分别读到D1,D2,完美巧合,没有粘包和拆包
server一次读到D1,D2,D1和D2粘在一起,称为粘包
server分2次,第一次读到D1和D2的部分内容,第二次读到了D2的剩余内容,拆包
server分2次,第一次读到D1的部分内容D1_1,第二次读到D1剩下的内容D1_2和完整的D2。
如果此时服务器端TCP接收的滑窗非常的小、而且数据包D1和D2都比较大,很有可能发生第5种可能性,服务器端多次才能将D1和D2接收完全,期间发生多次拆包...即上4种情况的多次组合...
下面我们来分析一下原因:
3个原因:
(1) 应用程序write写入的字节大于套接口(scoket)发送缓冲的大小;
(2) 进行MSS大小的TCP分段;
(3) 以太网帧的payload大于MTU进行IP分片
总结就是:不可避免...
解决思路:
(1) 定长数据,例如每个报文200bytes,不够空格补充...
(2) 在包围增加回车换行符或者其他的特殊字符进行分割,例如FTP协议
(3) 将消息分为消息头和消息体,消息头中包含消息总长度(或者消息体长度)content-length,通常的设计思路为消息头的第一个字段用int32来表示消息的总长度;
(4) 更复杂的应用层协议
2. 下面我们来模拟未考虑TCP粘包问题导致功能异常
修改上面的代码:
修改TimeServerHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private int counter; @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8").substring(0, req.length
- System.getProperty("line.separator").length());
System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body
+ " ; the counter is : " + ++counter);
String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date(
System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator");
ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
ctx.close();
}
}
主要是增加了一个counter进行计数..
修改TimeClientHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import java.util.logging.Logger; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private static final Logger logger = Logger
.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName()); private final ByteBuf firstMessage; /**
* Creates a client-side handler.
*/
public TimeClientHandler() {
byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
firstMessage.writeBytes(req); } @Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);
} @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Now is : " + body);
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
// 释放资源
logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : "
+ cause.getMessage());
ctx.close();
}
}
主要是进行100次连续的发送数据...
由于tcp粘包拆包有一定的随机性,所以每次的结果可能不同,其中一次结果大致上是:
Server端打印:
QUERY TIME ORDER
....
the counter is : 2
Client端打印:
Now is : Thu Dec 15 15:11:22 CST 2016
BAD ORDER
BAD ORDER
; the counter is : 1
结果表明:client发送了100条消息,但是server是按照2次接收,只返回2条应答,但是client上的counter为1表明只client也接收了一次,说明这2条也进行了粘包。
3. 解决TCP粘包的TimeServer
TimeServer
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeServer { public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
// 绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
} private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel arg0) throws Exception {
arg0.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
arg0.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
arg0.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
}
} /**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new TimeServer().bind(port);
}
}
重点看44行,增加了2个解码器: LineBasedFrameDecoder和StringDecoder。
继续看TimeServerHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private int counter; @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
String body = (String) msg;
System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body
+ " ; the counter is : " + ++counter);
String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date(
System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator");
ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
ctx.close();
}
}
看18行,直接获取之后不是ByteBuf,而直接是一个String对象,代码非常简洁。
TimeClient
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeClient { public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
// 配置客户端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
}
}); // 发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); // 当代客户端链路关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
} /**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new TimeClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
}
}
类似TimeServer增加了2个解码器
再看TimeClientHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import java.util.logging.Logger; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private static final Logger logger = Logger
.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName()); private int counter; private byte[] req; /**
* Creates a client-side handler.
*/
public TimeClientHandler() {
req = ("QUERY TIME ORDER" + System.getProperty("line.separator"))
.getBytes();
} @Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf message = null;
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
message.writeBytes(req);
ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
}
} @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
String body = (String) msg;
System.out.println("Now is : " + body + " ; the counter is : "
+ ++counter);
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
// 释放资源
logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : "
+ cause.getMessage());
ctx.close();
}
}
直接运行发现完全符合我们需求
4. 分析LineBaseFrameDecoder和StringDecoder
LineBasedFrameDecoder的工作原理非常简单:
(1) 遍历ByteBuf中的可读字节,判断看是否有"\n"或者"\r\n",如果有,就以此为结束位置,从可读索引到结束位置区间的字节就组成了一行
(2) 是一个以换行符为结束标志的解码器,支持携带结束符或者不携带结束符2种方式,同时支持配置单行的最大长度。
(3) 超过单行最大长度直接抛异常
StringDecoder的非常简单:
(1) 将接收的对象转换为字符串
(2) 继续调用后面的Handler
因此:
LineBasedFrameDecoder和StringDecoder组合在一起就是行切换文件解码器。
四、分割符解码器的应用
使用DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder即可...
1. EohoServer
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class EchoServer {
public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_"
.getBytes());
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,
delimiter));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
}); // 绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new EchoServer().bind(port);
}
}
(1) 重点在于38行的DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder, 与上面的换行分割符类似,只是可以自定义特殊符号
(2) DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder有2个参数,一个为单行最大长度,一个为自定义符号对象
(3) 如果到达长度仍然没有查询到,就抛出TooLongFrameException异常
2. EchoServerHandler
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
@Sharable
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { int counter = 0; @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
String body = (String) msg;
System.out.println("This is " + ++counter + " times receive client : ["
+ body + "]");
body += "$_";
ByteBuf echo = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(body.getBytes());
ctx.writeAndFlush(echo);
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();// 发生异常,关闭链路
}
}
非常简单直接打印再write即可... 由此也可以看出netty框架比较干净的分离出来了业务逻辑代码。
3. Client端和ClientHandler基本类似
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class EchoClient { public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
// 配置客户端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_"
.getBytes());
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,
delimiter));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
}
}); // 发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); // 当代客户端链路关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
} /**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new EchoClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
}
}
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class EchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private int counter; static final String ECHO_REQ = "Hi, Lilinfeng. Welcome to Netty.$_"; /**
* Creates a client-side handler.
*/
public EchoClientHandler() {
} @Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
// ByteBuf buf = UnpooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer(ECHO_REQ
// .getBytes().length);
// buf.writeBytes(ECHO_REQ.getBytes());
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(ECHO_REQ.getBytes()));
}
} @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("This is " + ++counter + " times receive server : ["
+ msg + "]");
} @Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
运行代码,符合预期..
五、定长解码器
1. 开发服务端
非常简单,直接上代码:
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
public class EchoServer {
public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(20));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
}); // 绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
new EchoServer().bind(port);
}
}
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; /**
* @author lilinfeng
* @version 1.0
* @date 2014年2月14日
*/
@Sharable
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("Receive client : [" + msg + "]");
} @Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();// 发生异常,关闭链路
}
}
2. 使用telnet进行访问
(1) 我使用的是Xshell,直接命令
(2) telnet 127.0.0.1 8080
(3) 再随便输入字符,发现每20个字符,服务端显示一次,符合预期