Nginx下配置Https证书详细过程

一、Http与Https的区别
HTTP：是互联网上应用最为广泛的一种网络协议，是一个客户端和服务器端请求和应答的标准（TCP），用于从WWW服务器传输超文本到本地浏览器的传输协议，它可以使浏览器更加高效，使网络传输减少。

HTTPS：是以安全为目标的HTTP通道，简单讲是HTTP的安全版，即HTTP下加入SSL层，HTTPS的安全基础是SSL，因此加密的详细内容就需要SSL。HTTPS协议的主要作用可以分为两种：一种是建立一个信息安全通道，来保证数据传输的安全；另一种就是确认网站的真实性。

HTTPS和HTTP的区别主要如下：
1、https协议需要到ca申请证书，一般免费证书较少，因而需要一定费用。
2、http是超文本传输协议，信息是明文传输，https则是具有安全性的ssl加密传输协议。
3、http和https使用的是完全不同的连接方式，用的端口也不一样，前者是80，后者是443。
4、http的连接很简单，是无状态的；HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议，比http协议安全。

二、使用openssl生成证书
openssl是目前最流行的SSL密码库工具，其提供了一个通用、健壮、功能完备的工具套件，用以支持SSL/TLS协议的实现。

比如生成到：/usr/local/ssl

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 36500 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /usr/local/ssl/nginx.key -out /usr/local/ssl/nginx.crt
生成过程：

# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 36500 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /u sr/local/ssl/nginx.key -out /usr/local/ssl/nginx.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...............................................................................+ ++
...............+++
writing new private key to '/usr/local/ssl/nginx.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:xxxx
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:xxxx
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:xxxx（一般是域名）
Email Address []:[e-mail]
# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1391 Apr 21 13:29 nginx.crt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1704 Apr 21 13:29 nginx.key

三、Nginx安装http_ssl_module模块
Nginx如果未开启SSL模块，配置Https时提示错误。

nginx: [emerg] the "ssl" parameter requires ngx_http_ssl_module in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:xxx

nginx缺少http_ssl_module模块，编译安装的时候带上--with-http_ssl_module配置就行了。

本场景是服务器已经安装过nginx，但是未安装http_ssl_module。

1.进入到源码包，如：

cd /app/download/nginx-1.16.7

2.configure：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

3.make：

make

4.不需要执行make install，否则就覆盖安装了。

5.备份原有的nginx，如：

cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_bak

6.然后将刚刚编译好的nginx覆盖掉原有的nginx（nginx需要停止）

cp ./objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

7.查看安装情况：(注：若不生效，则重装nginx)

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

四、nginx配置https
贴部分配置信息：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       7777;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.html?s=$1 last;
                break;
            }
            root   /usr/local/chip/product/crdp_plus;
            index  index.html;
        }

        location /portal-ui {
              root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
              try_files $uri $uri/ /monitor-view/index.html;
          }

        location /crdp/ {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }
        location /swagger-ui.html {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }
        location /swagger-resources {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }
        location /swagger {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }
        location /webjars {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }
        location /v2 {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }
        location /druid {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888;
        }

        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

        client_max_body_size 5m;

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen         8787 ssl;
        server_name  192.168.13.192;
        ssl_certificate /usr/local/ssl/nginx.crt;       #证书公钥
        ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/ssl/nginx.key;  #证书私钥
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers ECDH:AESGCM:HIGH:!RC4:!DH:!MD5:!3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        root /usr/local/ui_workspace;
        index /appBaoJian/index.html;

        location /appBaoJian {
                root   /usr/local/ui_workspace;
                index  index.html index.htm;
                try_files $uri $uri/ /appBaoJian/index.html;
            }

        location /chhm-service/ {
            proxy_pass http://192.168.13.77:8380;
        }

    }
    server {
        listen         8686 ssl;
        server_name  192.168.13.192;
        ssl_certificate /usr/local/ssl/nginx.crt;       #证书公钥
        ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/ssl/nginx.key;  #证书私钥
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers ECDH:AESGCM:HIGH:!RC4:!DH:!MD5:!3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        root /usr/local/ui_workspace;
        index /crpge/index.html;

        location /crpgea {
                root   /usr/local/ui_workspace;
                index  index.html index.htm;
                try_files $uri $uri/ /crpge/index.html;
            }

        location /crpgeb {
                root   /usr/local/ui_workspace;
                index  index.html index.htm;
                try_files $uri $uri/ /crpge/hospital.html;
            }

        location /crpge/v1 {
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header   Host         $http_host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:18888/crpge/v1;
        }

    }

}

先检验配置的对不对：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

重启nginx：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/./nginx -s reload