黄聪:C#调用Excel VBA宏

时间:2022-09-02 08:46:23

近日的一系列工作是做网站的营运维护,因此做了大量的支持工具。有Excel中写VBA的,也有直接C#做的工具。有时需要在C#中执行Excel VBA宏,甚至有时还需要在执行了VBA宏之后,获取返回值再进行相应的处理。为了使用方便,我写了一个执行Excel VBA宏的帮助类 。放在博客里做个备份也希望对有类似需求的朋友有所帮助。

帮助类仅提供了一个方法:RunExcelMacro
参数说明:
         string         excelFilePath  Excel文件路径        
        string         macroName    宏名称
        object[]     parameters     宏参数组
        out object  rtnValue         宏返回值
        bool            isShowExcel   执行时是否显示Excel
 

 补充说明:VBA宏需如下图写在模块中,才能被此方法识别。写在ThisWorkBook中不能被识别。

 

黄聪:C#调用Excel VBA宏

执行Excel VBA宏帮助类,注释比较详细,不再累赘代码过程。最核心部分其实就是通过反射方式调用Excel VBA宏,oBook.Save()这句话也很重要,否则即使执行了VBA宏调用,也不会保存Excel更改后的内容

  1  using  System;
  2  using  System.Collections.Generic;
  3  using  System.Text;
  4  using  Excel  =  Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
  5  using  Microsoft.Office.Core;
  6  using  System.IO;
  7 
  8  namespace  DoVBAMacro
  9  {
 10       ///   <summary>
 11       ///  执行Excel VBA宏帮助类
 12       ///   </summary>
 13      public  class  ExcelMacroHelper
 14      {
 15           ///   <summary>
 16           ///  执行Excel中的宏
 17           ///   </summary>
 18           ///   <param name="excelFilePath"> Excel文件路径 </param>
 19           ///   <param name="macroName"> 宏名称 </param>
 20           ///   <param name="parameters"> 宏参数组 </param>
 21           ///   <param name="rtnValue"> 宏返回值 </param>
 22           ///   <param name="isShowExcel"> 执行时是否显示Excel </param>
 23           public   void  RunExcelMacro(
 24                                               string  excelFilePath,
 25                                               string  macroName,
 26                                               object [] parameters,
 27                                               out   object  rtnValue,
 28                                               bool  isShowExcel
 29                                          )
 30          {
 31               try
 32              {
 33                   #region  检查入参
 34 
 35                   //  检查文件是否存在
 36                   if  ( ! File.Exists(excelFilePath))
 37                  {
 38                       throw   new  System.Exception(excelFilePath  +   "  文件不存在 " );
 39                  }
 40 
 41                   //  检查是否输入宏名称
 42                   if  ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(macroName))
 43                  {
 44                       throw   new  System.Exception( " 请输入宏的名称 " );
 45                  }
 46 
 47                   #endregion
 48 
 49                   #region  调用宏处理
 50 
 51                   //  准备打开Excel文件时的缺省参数对象
 52                   object  oMissing  =  System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
 53 
 54                   //  根据参数组是否为空,准备参数组对象
 55                   object [] paraObjects;
 56 
 57                   if  (parameters  ==   null )
 58                  {
 59                      paraObjects  =   new   object [] { macroName };
 60                  }
 61                   else
 62                  {
 63                       //  宏参数组长度
 64                       int  paraLength  =  parameters.Length;
 65 
 66                      paraObjects  =   new   object [paraLength  +   1 ];
 67 
 68                      paraObjects[ 0 =  macroName;
 69                       for  ( int  i  =   0 ; i  <  paraLength; i ++ )
 70                      {
 71                          paraObjects[i  +   1 =  parameters[i];
 72                      }
 73                  }
 74 
 75                   //  创建Excel对象示例
 76                  Excel.ApplicationClass oExcel  =   new  Excel.ApplicationClass();
 77 
 78                   //  判断是否要求执行时Excel可见
 79                   if  (isShowExcel)
 80                  {
 81                       //  使创建的对象可见
 82                      oExcel.Visible  =   true ;
 83                  }
 84 
 85                   //  创建Workbooks对象
 86                  Excel.Workbooks oBooks  =  oExcel.Workbooks;
 87 
 88                   //  创建Workbook对象
 89                  Excel._Workbook oBook  =   null ;
 90 
 91                   //  打开指定的Excel文件
 92                  oBook  =  oBooks.Open(
 93                                          excelFilePath,
 94                                          oMissing,
 95                                          oMissing,
 96                                          oMissing,
 97                                          oMissing,
 98                                          oMissing,
 99                                          oMissing,
100                                          oMissing,
101                                          oMissing,
102                                          oMissing,
103                                          oMissing,
104                                          oMissing,
105                                          oMissing,
106                                          oMissing,
107                                          oMissing
108                                     );
109 
110                   //  执行Excel中的宏
111                  rtnValue  =   this .RunMacro(oExcel, paraObjects);
112 
113                   //  保存更改
114                  oBook.Save();
115 
116                   //  退出Workbook
117                  oBook.Close( false , oMissing, oMissing);
118 
119                   #endregion
120 
121                   #region  释放对象
122 
123                   //  释放Workbook对象
124                  System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(oBook);
125                  oBook  =   null ;
126 
127                   //  释放Workbooks对象
128                  System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(oBooks);
129                  oBooks  =   null ;
130 
131                   //  关闭Excel
132                  oExcel.Quit();
133 
134                   //  释放Excel对象
135                  System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(oExcel);
136                  oExcel  =   null ;
137 
138                   //  调用垃圾回收
139                  GC.Collect();
140 
141                   #endregion
142              }
143               catch  (Exception ex)
144              {
145                   throw  ex;
146              }
147          }
148 
149           ///   <summary>
150           ///  执行宏
151           ///   </summary>
152           ///   <param name="oApp"> Excel对象 </param>
153           ///   <param name="oRunArgs"> 参数(第一个参数为指定宏名称,后面为指定宏的参数值) </param>
154           ///   <returns> 宏返回值 </returns>
155           private   object  RunMacro( object  oApp,  object [] oRunArgs)
156          {
157               try
158              {
159                   //  声明一个返回对象
160                   object  objRtn;
161                  
162                   //  反射方式执行宏
163                  objRtn  =  oApp.GetType().InvokeMember(
164                                                           " Run " ,
165                                                          System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Default  |
166                                                          System.Reflection.BindingFlags.InvokeMethod,
167                                                           null ,
168                                                          oApp,
169                                                          oRunArgs
170                                                       );
171 
172                   //  返回值
173                   return  objRtn;
174 
175              }
176               catch  (Exception ex)
177              {
178                   //  如果有底层异常,抛出底层异常
179                   if  (ex.InnerException.Message.ToString().Length  >   0 )
180                  {
181                       throw  ex.InnerException;
182                  }
183                   else
184                  {
185                       throw  ex;
186                  }
187              }
188          }
189      }
190  }
191 

 示例三个VBA宏方法:

 1  Sub  getTime()
 2 
 3      Sheet1.Cells( 1 1 =  Now
 4 
 5  End Sub
 6 
 7 
 8  Sub  getTime2(title  As   String )
 9 
10      Sheet1.Cells( 2 1 =  title  &   "  :  "   &  Now
11 
12  End Sub
13 
14  Function  getTime3(title  As   String  As String
15 
16      getTime3  =  title  &   "  :  "   &  Now
17 
18  End Function
19 

对应的三个使用方法
1 不带参数的宏调用(兼演示执行过程显示Excel文件)
2 带参数的宏调用(兼演示执行过程不显示Excel文件)
3 有返回值的宏调用

 1           private   void  btnExe_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
 2          {
 3               try
 4              {
 5                   //  返回对象
 6                   object  objRtn  =   new   object ();
 7 
 8                   //  获得一个ExcelMacroHelper对象
 9                  ExcelMacroHelper excelMacroHelper  =   new  ExcelMacroHelper();
10 
11                   //  执行指定Excel中的宏,执行时显示Excel
12                  excelMacroHelper.RunExcelMacro(
13                                                       @" E:\csharp_study\DoVBAMacro\test.xls " ,
14                                                       " getTime2 " ,
15                                                       new  Object[] {  " 现在时刻 "  },
16                                                       out  objRtn,
17                                                       true
18                                                );
19 
20                   //  执行指定Excel中的宏,执行时不显示Excel
21                  excelMacroHelper.RunExcelMacro(
22                                                       @" E:\csharp_study\DoVBAMacro\test.xls " ,
23                                                       " getTime2 " ,
24                                                       new  Object[] {  " 现在时刻 "  },
25                                                       out  objRtn,
26                                                       false
27                                                 );
28 
29                   //  执行指定Excel中的宏,执行时显示Excel,有返回值
30                  excelMacroHelper.RunExcelMacro(
31                                                       @" E:\csharp_study\DoVBAMacro\test.xls " ,
32                                                       " getTime3 " ,
33                                                       new  Object[] {  " 现在时刻 "  },
34                                                       out  objRtn,
35                                                       true
36                                                 );
37 
38                  MessageBox.Show(( string )objRtn);
39 
40              }
41               catch (System.Exception ex)
42              {
43                  MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
44              }
45          }

帮助类需添加引用:Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library

示例工程下载