写一些Java框架的时候,经常需要通过反射get或者set某个bean的field,比较普通的做法是获取field后调用java.lang.reflect.Field.get(Object),但每次都这样调用,能否有优化的空间呢?
答案是有。
第一种:
由于每次都是重复的调用,所以想到了缓存每个bean的field,但这样做还是不够,所以想到了写一个code generator。通过生成代码的方式,get或者set每个bean的时候直接调用该bean的getter或者setter,这个实现听起来很牛逼,其实就是用asm生成一个类在用一个classloader加载进来每次调用直接invoke就可以了。
可单纯为了一个反射调用做这么多,总感觉是大炮打了蚊子。
第二种:
多谢@RednaxelaFX 的指点,找到了更简单的做法:sun.misc.Unsafe
使用也非常的简单:首先通过sun.misc.Unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Field) 获取field的offset,然后使用sun.misc.Unsafe.getObject(Object, long)获取某个实例上的field的值。
简单的测试代码如下:
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import sun.misc.Unsafe;
- /**
- * @author haitao.yao Dec 14, 2010
- */
- public class ReflectionCompare {
- private static final int count = 10000000;
- /**
- * @param args
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- long duration = testIntCommon();
- System.out.println("int common test for " + count
- + " times, duration: " + duration);
- duration = testUnsafe();
- System.out.println("int unsafe test for " + count
- + " times, duration: " + duration);
- }
- private static long testUnsafe() {
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
- int temp = count;
- Field field = getIntField();
- long offset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
- while (temp-- > 0) {
- unsafe.getInt(new TestBean(), offset);
- }
- return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
- }
- private static long testIntCommon() {
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- int temp = count;
- getIntField().setAccessible(true);
- while (temp-- > 0) {
- TestBean bean = new TestBean();
- try {
- getIntField().get(bean);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
- }
- private static final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe;
- static {
- sun.misc.Unsafe value = null;
- try {
- Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("sun.misc.Unsafe");
- Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
- field.setAccessible(true);
- value = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- throw new RuntimeException("error to get theUnsafe", e);
- }
- unsafe = value;
- }
- public static final sun.misc.Unsafe getUnsafe() {
- return unsafe;
- }
- private static final Field intField;
- private static final Field stringField;
- static {
- try {
- intField = TestBean.class.getDeclaredField("age");
- stringField = TestBean.class.getDeclaredField("name");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- throw new IllegalStateException("failed to init testbean field", e);
- }
- }
- public static final Field getIntField() {
- return intField;
- }
- public static final Field getStringField() {
- return stringField;
- }
- /**
- * @author haitao.yao
- * Dec 14, 2010
- */
- static class TestBean implements Serializable{
- /**
- *
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -5994966479456252766L;
- private String name;
- private int age;
- /**
- * @return the name
- */
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- /**
- * @param name the name to set
- */
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- /**
- * @return the age
- */
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- /**
- * @param age the age to set
- */
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- }
- }
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
/**
* @author haitao.yao Dec 14, 2010
*/
public class ReflectionCompare {
private static final int count = 10000000;
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
long duration = testIntCommon();
System.out.println("int common test for " + count
+ " times, duration: " + duration);
duration = testUnsafe();
System.out.println("int unsafe test for " + count
+ " times, duration: " + duration);
}
private static long testUnsafe() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
int temp = count;
Field field = getIntField();
long offset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
while (temp-- > 0) {
unsafe.getInt(new TestBean(), offset);
}
return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
}
private static long testIntCommon() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int temp = count;
getIntField().setAccessible(true);
while (temp-- > 0) {
TestBean bean = new TestBean();
try {
getIntField().get(bean);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
}
private static final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe;
static {
sun.misc.Unsafe value = null;
try {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("sun.misc.Unsafe");
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
field.setAccessible(true);
value = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("error to get theUnsafe", e);
}
unsafe = value;
}
public static final sun.misc.Unsafe getUnsafe() {
return unsafe;
}
private static final Field intField;
private static final Field stringField;
static {
try {
intField = TestBean.class.getDeclaredField("age");
stringField = TestBean.class.getDeclaredField("name");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new IllegalStateException("failed to init testbean field", e);
}
}
public static final Field getIntField() {
return intField;
}
public static final Field getStringField() {
return stringField;
}
/**
* @author haitao.yao
* Dec 14, 2010
*/
static class TestBean implements Serializable{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5994966479456252766L;
private String name;
private int age;
/**
* @return the name
*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}
/**
* @param name the name to set
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* @return the age
*/
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
/**
* @param age the age to set
*/
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
}
通过测试发现,效率是普通java.lang.reflect.Field.get(Object)的3倍,当然,性能这个东西,还是自己测试了放心。
这样做有一个不好的地方:sun.misc.Unsafe在sun的包里,默认情况下,eclipse编译会报错,在Window->Preference->Java->Compiler->Errors/Warnings->Deprecated and restricted API -> Forbidden Reference 修改成Warning或者Ignore就可以了。由于Unsafe在JDK中很多的类库中都在使用,框架代码中使用还是很安全的,如果需要api变动,JDK源代码的修改工作量比我们的大多了 :-0
至于第一种方法,虽然麻烦,有时间还是可以尝试一下的,有时间了写一下。