首先,引入spring-cloud-starter-zuul
之后会间接引入:
hystrix依赖已经引入,那么何种情况下使用hystrix呢?
在zuul的自动配置类zuulserverautoconfiguration和zuulproxyautoconfiguration中总共会向spring容器注入3个zuul的routefilter,分别是
•simplehostroutingfilter
简单路由,通过httpclient向预定的url发送请求
生效条件:
requestcontext.getcurrentcontext().getroutehost() != null
&& requestcontext.getcurrentcontext().sendzuulresponse()1、requestcontext中的routehost不为空,routehost就是url,即使用url直连
2、requestcontext中的sendzuulresponse为true,即是否将response发送给客户端,默认为true
•ribbonroutingfilter
使用ribbon、hystrix和可插入的http客户端发送请求
生效条件:
(requestcontext.getroutehost() == null && requestcontext.get(service_id_key) != null
&& requestcontext.sendzuulresponse())1、requestcontext中的routehost为空,即url为空
2、requestcontext中的serviceid不为空
3、requestcontext中的sendzuulresponse为true,即是否将response发送给客户端,默认为true
•sendforwardfilter
forward到本地url
生效条件:
requestcontext.containskey(forward_to_key)
&& !requestcontext.getboolean(send_forward_filter_ran, false)1、requestcontext中包含forward_to_key,即url使用 forward: 映射
2、requestcontext中send_forward_filter_ran为false,send_forward_filter_ran意为“send forward是否运行过了”,在sendforwardfilter#run()时会ctx.set(send_forward_filter_ran, true)
综上所述,在使用serviceid映射的方法路由转发的时候,会使用ribbon+hystrix
而哪种路由配置方式是“url映射”,哪种配置方式又是“serviceid映射”呢?
zuul有一个前置过滤器predecorationfilter用于通过routelocator路由定位器决定在何时以何种方式路由转发
routelocator是用于通过请求地址匹配到route路由的,之后predecorationfilter再通过route信息设置requestcontext上下文,决定后续使用哪个routefilter做路由转发
所以就引出以下问题:
•什么是route
•routelocator路由定位器如何根据请求路径匹配路由
•匹配到路由后,predecorationfilter如何设置requestcontext请求上下文
什么是route
我总共见到两个和route相关的类
zuulproperties.zuulroute,用于和zuul配置文件关联,保存相关信息
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org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route, routelocator找到的路由信息就是这个类,用于路由转发
public static class zuulroute {
private string id; //zuulroute的id
private string path; //路由的pattern,如 /foo/**
private string serviceid; //要映射到此路由的服务id
private string url; //要映射到路由的完整物理url
private boolean stripprefix = true ; //用于确定在转发之前是否应剥离此路由前缀的标志位
private boolean retryable; //此路由是否可以重试,通常重试需要serviceid和ribbon
private set<string> sensitiveheaders = new linkedhashset(); //不会传递给下游请求的敏感标头列表
private boolean customsensitiveheaders = false ; //是否自定义了敏感头列表
}
public class route {
private string id;
private string fullpath;
private string path;
private string location; //可能是 url 或 serviceid
private string prefix;
private boolean retryable;
private set<string> sensitiveheaders = new linkedhashset<>();
private boolean customsensitiveheaders;
}
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可以看到org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route和zuulproperties.zuulroute基本一致,只是route用于路由转发定位的属性location根据不同的情况,可能是一个具体的url,可能是一个serviceid
routelocator路由定位器如何根据请求路径匹配路由
zuul在自动配置加载时注入了2个routelocator
•compositeroutelocator: 组合的routelocator,在getmatchingroute()时会依次调用其它的routelocator,先找到先返回;compositeroutelocator的routelocators集合中只有discoveryclientroutelocator
•discoveryclientroutelocator: 可以将静态的、已配置的路由与来自discoveryclient服务发现的路由组合在一起,来自discoveryclient的路由优先;simpleroutelocator的子类(simpleroutelocator 基于加载到zuulproperties中的配置定位route路由信息)
其中compositeroutelocator是 @primary 的,它是组合多个routelocator的locator,其getmatchingroute()方法会分别调用其它所有routelocator的getmatchingroute()方法,通过请求路径匹配路由信息,只要匹配到了就马上返回
默认compositeroutelocator混合路由定位器的routelocators只有一个discoveryclientroutelocator,故只需分析discoveryclientroutelocator#getmatchingroute(path)
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//----------discoveryclientroutelocator是simpleroutelocator子类,其实是调用的simpleroutelocator##getmatchingroute(path)
@override
public route getmatchingroute( final string path) {
return getsimplematchingroute(path);
}
protected route getsimplematchingroute( final string path) {
if (log.isdebugenabled()) {
log.debug( "finding route for path: " + path);
}
// routes是保存路由信息的map,如果此时还未加载,调用locateroutes()
if ( this .routes.get() == null ) {
this .routes.set(locateroutes());
}
if (log.isdebugenabled()) {
log.debug( "servletpath=" + this .dispatcherservletpath);
log.debug( "zuulservletpath=" + this .zuulservletpath);
log.debug( "requestutils.isdispatcherservletrequest()="
+ requestutils.isdispatcherservletrequest());
log.debug( "requestutils.iszuulservletrequest()="
+ requestutils.iszuulservletrequest());
}
/**
* 下面的方法主要是先对path做微调
* 再根据path到routes中匹配到zuulroute
* 最后根据 zuulroute 和 adjustedpath 生成 route
*/
string adjustedpath = adjustpath(path);
zuulroute route = getzuulroute(adjustedpath);
return getroute(route, adjustedpath);
}
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下面我们来看看locateroutes()是如何加载静态的、已配置的路由与来自discoveryclient服务发现的路由的
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//----------discoveryclientroutelocator#locateroutes() 服务发现路由定位器的locateroutes()
@override
protected linkedhashmap<string, zuulroute> locateroutes() {
//保存zuulroute的linkedhashmap
linkedhashmap<string, zuulroute> routesmap = new linkedhashmap<string, zuulroute>();
//调用父类simpleroutelocator#locateroutes()
//加载zuulproperties中的所有配置文件中的路由信息
routesmap.putall( super .locateroutes());
//如果服务发现客户端discovery存在
if ( this .discovery != null ) {
//将routesmap已经存在的配置文件中的zuulroute放入staticservices<serviceid, zuulroute>
map<string, zuulroute> staticservices = new linkedhashmap<string, zuulroute>();
for (zuulroute route : routesmap.values()) {
string serviceid = route.getserviceid();
//如果serviceid为null,以id作为serviceid,此情况适合 zuul.routes.xxxx=/xxxx/** 的情况
if (serviceid == null ) {
serviceid = route.getid();
}
if (serviceid != null ) {
staticservices.put(serviceid, route);
}
}
// add routes for discovery services by default
list<string> services = this .discovery.getservices(); //到注册中心找到所有service
string[] ignored = this .properties.getignoredservices()
.toarray( new string[ 0 ]);
//遍历services
for (string serviceid : services) {
// ignore specifically ignored services and those that were manually
// configured
string key = "/" + maproutetoservice(serviceid) + "/**" ;
//如果注册中心的serviceid在staticservices集合中,并且此路由没有配置url
//那么,更新路由的location为serviceid
if (staticservices.containskey(serviceid)
&& staticservices.get(serviceid).geturl() == null ) {
// explicitly configured with no url, cannot be ignored
// all static routes are already in routesmap
// update location using serviceid if location is null
zuulroute staticroute = staticservices.get(serviceid);
if (!stringutils.hastext(staticroute.getlocation())) {
staticroute.setlocation(serviceid);
}
}
//如果注册中心的serviceid不在忽略范围内,且routesmap中还没有包含,添加到routesmap
if (!patternmatchutils.simplematch(ignored, serviceid)
&& !routesmap.containskey(key)) {
// not ignored
routesmap.put(key, new zuulroute(key, serviceid));
}
}
}
// 如果routesmap中有 /** 的默认路由配置
if (routesmap.get(default_route) != null ) {
zuulroute defaultroute = routesmap.get(default_route);
// move the defaultserviceid to the end
routesmap.remove(default_route);
routesmap.put(default_route, defaultroute);
}
//将routesmap中的数据微调后,放到values<string, zuulroute>,返回
linkedhashmap<string, zuulroute> values = new linkedhashmap<>();
for (entry<string, zuulroute> entry : routesmap.entryset()) {
string path = entry.getkey();
// prepend with slash if not already present.
if (!path.startswith( "/" )) {
path = "/" + path;
}
if (stringutils.hastext( this .properties.getprefix())) {
path = this .properties.getprefix() + path;
if (!path.startswith( "/" )) {
path = "/" + path;
}
}
values.put(path, entry.getvalue());
}
return values;
}
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此方法运行后就已经加载了配置文件中所有路由信息,以及注册中心中的服务路由信息,有的通过url路由,有的通过serviceid路由
只需根据本次请求的requesturi与 路由的pattern匹配找到对应的路由
匹配到路由后,predecorationfilter如何设置requestcontext请求上下文
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//----------predecorationfilter前置过滤器
@override
public object run() {
requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
final string requesturi = this .urlpathhelper.getpathwithinapplication(ctx.getrequest());
route route = this .routelocator.getmatchingroute(requesturi); //找到匹配的路由
//----------------到上面为止是已经分析过的,根据requesturi找到匹配的route信息
// ==== 匹配到路由信息
if (route != null ) {
string location = route.getlocation();
if (location != null ) {
ctx.put(request_uri_key, route.getpath()); //requestcontext设置 requesturi:路由的pattern路径
ctx.put(proxy_key, route.getid()); //requestcontext设置 proxy:路由id
//设置需要忽略的敏感头信息,要么用全局默认的,要么用路由自定义的
if (!route.iscustomsensitiveheaders()) {
this .proxyrequesthelper
.addignoredheaders( this .properties.getsensitiveheaders().toarray( new string[ 0 ]));
}
else {
this .proxyrequesthelper.addignoredheaders(route.getsensitiveheaders().toarray( new string[ 0 ]));
}
//设置重试信息
if (route.getretryable() != null ) {
ctx.put(retryable_key, route.getretryable());
}
//如果location是 http/https开头的,requestcontext设置 routehost:url
//如果location是 forward:开头的,requestcontext设置 forward信息、routehost:null
//其它 requestcontext设置 serviceid、routehost:null、x-zuul-serviceid
if (location.startswith(http_scheme+ ":" ) || location.startswith(https_scheme+ ":" )) {
ctx.setroutehost(geturl(location));
ctx.addoriginresponseheader(service_header, location);
}
else if (location.startswith(forward_location_prefix)) {
ctx.set(forward_to_key,
stringutils.cleanpath(location.substring(forward_location_prefix.length()) + route.getpath()));
ctx.setroutehost( null );
return null ;
}
else {
// set serviceid for use in filters.route.ribbonrequest
ctx.set(service_id_key, location);
ctx.setroutehost( null );
ctx.addoriginresponseheader(service_id_header, location);
}
//是否添加代理头信息 x-forwarded-for
if ( this .properties.isaddproxyheaders()) {
addproxyheaders(ctx, route);
string xforwardedfor = ctx.getrequest().getheader(x_forwarded_for_header);
string remoteaddr = ctx.getrequest().getremoteaddr();
if (xforwardedfor == null ) {
xforwardedfor = remoteaddr;
}
else if (!xforwardedfor.contains(remoteaddr)) { // prevent duplicates
xforwardedfor += ", " + remoteaddr;
}
ctx.addzuulrequestheader(x_forwarded_for_header, xforwardedfor);
}
//是否添加host头信息
if ( this .properties.isaddhostheader()) {
ctx.addzuulrequestheader(httpheaders.host, tohostheader(ctx.getrequest()));
}
}
}
// ==== 没有匹配到路由信息
else {
log.warn( "no route found for uri: " + requesturi);
string fallbackuri = requesturi;
string fallbackprefix = this .dispatcherservletpath; // default fallback
// servlet is
// dispatcherservlet
if (requestutils.iszuulservletrequest()) {
// remove the zuul servletpath from the requesturi
log.debug( "zuulservletpath=" + this .properties.getservletpath());
fallbackuri = fallbackuri.replacefirst( this .properties.getservletpath(), "" );
log.debug( "replaced zuul servlet path:" + fallbackuri);
}
else {
// remove the dispatcherservlet servletpath from the requesturi
log.debug( "dispatcherservletpath=" + this .dispatcherservletpath);
fallbackuri = fallbackuri.replacefirst( this .dispatcherservletpath, "" );
log.debug( "replaced dispatcherservlet servlet path:" + fallbackuri);
}
if (!fallbackuri.startswith( "/" )) {
fallbackuri = "/" + fallbackuri;
}
string forwarduri = fallbackprefix + fallbackuri;
forwarduri = forwarduri.replaceall( "//" , "/" );
ctx.set(forward_to_key, forwarduri);
}
return null ;
}
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总结:
•只要引入了spring-cloud-starter-zuul就会间接引入ribbon、hystrix
•路由信息可能是从配置文件中加载的,也可能是通过discoveryclient从注册中心加载的
•zuul是通过前置过滤器predecorationfilter找到与当前requesturi匹配的路由信息,并在requestcontext中设置相关属性的,后续的route filter会根据requestcontext中的这些属性判断如何路由转发
•route filter主要使用 simplehostroutingfilter 和 ribbonroutingfilter
•当requestcontext请求上下文中存在routehost,即url直连信息时,使用simplehostroutingfilter简单host路由
•当requestcontext请求上下文中存在serviceid,即服务id时(可能会与注册中心关联获取服务列表,或者读取配置文件中serviceid.ribbon.listofservers的服务列表),使用ribbonroutingfilter,会使用ribbon、hystrix
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springcloud zuul在何种情况下使用hystrix,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持!
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/trust-freedom/p/9982680.html