Redhat Linux上mysql安装-RPM安装

Linux平台上Mysql通常有三种安装方式，即：

Rpm安装

通用二进制包安装

源码安装包

本文先就RPM安装方式进行介绍，在此主要还是开源的社区版本介绍，首先下载

可以选择针对不同平台的安装包类型，目前最新的版本是5.7.11，RPM版本也有各种类型，了解了此，才能选择合适的安装包：

Package Name	Summary
mysql-community-server	Database server and related tools
mysql-community-client	MySQL client applications and tools
mysql-community-common	Common files for server and client libraries
mysql-community-devel	Development header files and libraries for MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-libs	Shared libraries for MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-libs-compat	Shared compatibility libraries for previous MySQL installations
mysql-community-embedded	MySQL embedded library
mysql-community-embedded-devel	Development header files and libraries for MySQL as an embeddable library
mysql-community-test	Test suite for the MySQL server

其具体名称结构如下：

packagename-version-distribution-arch.rpm

version就不用说啦，其实就是数据库的版本，distribution和arch表示的是为何种LINUX类型和CPU平台构建的安装包，具体的分发标志如下：

distribution Value	Intended Use
el5, el6, el7	Red Hat Enterprise Linux/Oracle Linux/CentOS 5, 6, or 7
fc22, fc23	Fedora 22 or 23
sles12	SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

比如：mysql-community-server-5.7.11-1.el7.x86_64.rpm，就是RedHat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit),上的RPMPackage
MySQL Server安装包

安装呢就很简单：

shell> rpm -qpl mysql-community-server-version-distribution-arch.rpm

可以看到RPM包安装起来简单，比较适合初学者，但是需要根据具体需求下载合适的安装包如server和client需要单独分开安装，具体参见上表；

另外就是安装路径不灵活，默认路径不可修改，所以一台server上只能安装一个server,具体路径如下：

Files or Resources	Location
Client programs and scripts	/usr/bin
mysqld server	/usr/sbin
Configuration file	/etc/my.cnf
Data directory	/var/lib/mysql
Error log file	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
Value of secure_file_priv	/var/lib/mysql-files
System V init script	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql
Systemd service	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld For SLES: mysql
Pid file	/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid
Socket	/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Keyring directory	/var/lib/mysql-keyring
Unix manual pages	/usr/share/man
Include (header) files	/usr/include/mysql
Libraries	/usr/lib/mysql
Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)	/usr/share/mysql

安装完毕后MYSQL并不是自动启动，而需要手工启动：

shell> service mysqld start

初始化启动服务器后，超级账户’root’@localhost’被创建，用户密码被生产放在了error log文件中，采用

shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

可以找到，登陆修改密码即可：

shell> mysql -uroot -p

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

这样就完成了rpm安装包的安装，还是挺快的。

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