先设置一个关于书本(book)的数据模型:
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from django.db import models
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 30 )
address = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
city = models.CharField(max_length = 60 )
state_province = models.CharField(max_length = 30 )
country = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
website = models.URLField()
def __unicode__( self ):
return self .name
class Author(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 30 )
last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 40 )
email = models.EmailField()
def __unicode__( self ):
return u '%s %s' % ( self .first_name, self .last_name)
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length = 100 )
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
publication_date = models.DateField()
def __unicode__( self ):
return self .title
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访问外键(Foreign Key)值
当你获取一个ForeignKey 字段时,你会得到相关的数据模型对象。 例如:
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>>> b = Book.objects.get( id = 50 )
>>> b.publisher
<Publisher: Apress Publishing>
>>> b.publisher.website
u 'http://www.apress.com/'
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对于用`` ForeignKey`` 来定义的关系来说,在关系的另一端也能反向的追溯回来,只不过由于不对称性的关系而稍有不同。 通过一个`` publisher`` 对象,直接获取 books ,用 publisher.book_set.all() ,如下:
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>>> p = Publisher.objects.get(name = 'Apress Publishing' )
>>> p.book_set. all ()
[<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Dive Into Python>, ...]
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实际上,book_set 只是一个 QuerySet,所以它可以像QuerySet一样,能实现数据过滤和分切,例如:
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>>> p = Publisher.objects.get(name = 'Apress Publishing' )
>>> p.book_set. filter (name__icontains = 'django' )
[<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Pro Django>]
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属性名称book_set是由模型名称的小写(如book)加_set组成的。