这篇文章主要介绍了SpringMVC-统一异常处理三种方法详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
在 Spring MVC 应用的开发中,不管是对底层数据库操作,还是业务层或控制层操作,都会不可避免地遇到各种可预知的、不可预知的异常需要处理。
如果每个过程都单独处理异常,那么系统的代码耦合度高,工作量大且不好统一,以后维护的工作量也很大。
如果能将所有类型的异常处理从各层中解耦出来,这样既保证了相关处理过程的功能单一,又实现了异常信息的统一处理和维护。
幸运的是,Spring MVC 框架支持这样的实现。Spring MVC 统一异常处理有以下 3 种方式:
- 使用 Spring MVC 提供的简单异常处理器 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver。
- 实现 Spring 的异常处理接口 HandlerExceptionResolver 自定义自己的异常处理器。
- 使用 @ExceptionHandler 注解实现异常处理
本节主要根据这 3 种处理方式讲解 Spring MVC 应用的异常统一处理。
Spring MVC使用SimpleMappingExceptionResolver类异常处理
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring一beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 使用扫描机制扫描包 -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "controller" />
< context:component-scan base-package = "service" />
< context:component-scan base-package = "dao" />
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
< bean
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id = "internalResourceViewResolver" >
<!--前缀 -->
< property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
< property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
</ bean >
<!--SimpleMappingExceptionResolver(异常类与 View 的对应关系) -->
< bean
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" >
<!-- 定义默认的异常处理页面,当该异常类型注册时使用 -->
< property name = "defaultErrorView" value = "error" ></ property >
<!-- 定义异常处理页面用来获取异常信息的变量名,默认名为exception -->
< property name = "exceptionAttribute" value = "ex" ></ property >
<!-- 定义需要特殊处理的异常,用类名或完全路径名作为key,异常页名作为值 -->
< property name = "exceptionMappings" >
< props >
< prop key = "exception.MyException" >my-error</ prop >
< prop key = "java.sql.SQLException" >sql-error</ prop >
<!-- 在这里还可以继续扩展对不同异常类型的处理 -->
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
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Spring MVC使用HandlerExceptionResolver接口异常处理
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package exception;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
public class MyExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) {
Map<String, Object> model = new HashMap<String, Object>();
model.put( "ex" , arg3);
// 根据不同错误转向不同页面(统一处理),即异常与View的对应关系
if (arg3 instanceof MyException) {
return new ModelAndView( "my-error" , model);
} else if (arg3 instanceof SQLException) {
return new ModelAndView( "sql-error" , model);
} else {
return new ModelAndView( "error" , model);
}
}
}
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring一beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 使用扫描机制扫描包 -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "controller" />
< context:component-scan base-package = "service" />
< context:component-scan base-package = "dao" />
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
< bean
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id = "internalResourceViewResolver" >
<!--前缀 -->
< property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
< property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
</ bean >
<!--托管MyExceptionHandler-->
< bean class = "exception.MyExceptionHandler" />
</ beans >
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Spring MVC使用@ExceptionHandler注解异常处理
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package controller;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import exception.MyException;
public class BaseController {
/** 基于@ExceptionHandler异常处理 */
@ExceptionHandler
public String exception(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex) {
request.setAttribute( "ex" , ex);
// 根据不同错误转向不同页面,即异常与view的对应关系
if (ex instanceof SQLException) {
return "sql-error" ;
} else if (ex instanceof MyException) {
return "my-error" ;
} else {
return "error" ;
}
}
}
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring一beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 使用扫描机制扫描包 -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "controller" />
< context:component-scan base-package = "service" />
< context:component-scan base-package = "dao" />
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
< bean
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id = "internalResourceViewResolver" >
<!--前缀 -->
< property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
< property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
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以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/lowerma/p/11836595.html