转自 http://blog.bossma.cn/dotnet/csharp-exorpt-excel-process-kill/
C#导出Excel后关闭进程（EXCEL.EXE）释放资源的解决方案
2009年2月3日 | 分类: ASP.NET | 标签: excel, Process (12,693 views)
一年前，从网上找到一些C#导出MS Excel的例子，但是都不能彻底销毁其所创建的Excel进程，典型的就是进程中的EXCEL.EXE不能关掉。
网上的解决方案大部分是kill掉所有的Excel进程，偶一直感觉不爽。最近，做了几个月的WinForm，接触了一些进程、句柄方面的知识。于是试着解决一下，没想到成功了，创建的Excel进程被成功Kill掉了，而其它Excel进程则相安无事。
关键代码：
public void
KillSpecialExcel()
{
try
{
if (m_objExcel
!= null)
{
int lpdwProcessId; GetWindowThreadProcessId(new
IntPtr(m_objExcel.Hwnd), out lpdwProcessId);
System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(lpdwProcessId).Kill();
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Delete
Excel Process Error:" +
ex.Message);
}
}
操作生成Excel的全部代码：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing;
namespace VeryCodes.Common.MyExcel
{
///
/// ExcelClass 的摘要说明。
///
public class MSExcel
{
///
/// 构建ExcelClass类
///
public MSExcel()
{
//别忘了需要添加Excel Library的引用
this.m_objExcel = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
}
///
/// 构建ExcelClass类
///
///
Excel.Application
public MSExcel(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application objExcel)
{
this.m_objExcel = objExcel;
}
///
/// 列标号，Excel最大列数是256
///
private string[] ALists = new string[] {
"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z",
"AA", "AB", "AC", "AD", "AE", "AF", "AG", "AH", "AI", "AJ", "AK", "AL", "AM", "AN", "AO", "AP", "AQ", "AR", "AS", "AT", "AU", "AV", "AW", "AX", "AY", "AZ",
"BA", "BB", "BC", "BD", "BE", "BF", "BG", "BH", "BI", "BJ", "BK", "BL", "BM", "BN", "BO", "BP", "BQ", "BR", "BS", "BT", "BU", "BV", "BW", "BX", "BY", "BZ",
"CA", "CB", "CC", "CD", "CE", "CF", "CG", "CH", "CI", "CJ", "CK", "CL", "CM", "CN", "CO", "CP", "CQ", "CR", "CS", "CT", "CU", "CV", "CW", "CX", "CY", "CZ",
"DA", "DB", "DC", "DD", "DE", "DF", "DG", "DH", "DI", "DJ", "DK", "DL", "DM", "DN", "DO", "DP", "DQ", "DR", "DS", "DT", "DU", "DV", "DW", "DX", "DY", "DZ",
"EA", "EB", "EC", "ED", "EE", "EF", "EG", "EH", "EI", "EJ", "EK", "EL", "EM", "EN", "EO", "EP", "EQ", "ER", "ES", "ET", "EU", "EV", "EW", "EX", "EY", "EZ",
"FA", "FB", "FC", "FD", "FE", "FF", "FG", "FH", "FI", "FJ", "FK", "FL", "FM", "FN", "FO", "FP", "FQ", "FR", "FS", "FT", "FU", "FV", "FW", "FX", "FY", "FZ",
"GA", "GB", "GC", "GD", "GE", "GF", "GG", "GH", "GI", "GJ", "GK", "GL", "GM", "GN", "GO", "GP", "GQ", "GR", "GS", "GT", "GU", "GV", "GW", "GX", "GY", "GZ",
"HA", "HB", "HC", "HD", "HE", "HF", "HG", "HH", "HI", "HJ", "HK", "HL", "HM", "HN", "HO", "HP", "HQ", "HR", "HS", "HT", "HU", "HV", "HW", "HX", "HY", "HZ",
"IA", "IB", "IC", "ID", "IE", "IF", "IG", "IH", "II", "IJ", "IK", "IL", "IM", "IN", "IO", "IP", "IQ", "IR", "IS", "IT", "IU", "IV"
};
///
/// 获取描述区域的字符
///
///
///
///
public string GetAix(int x, int y)
{
if (x > 256) { return ""; }
string s = "";
s = s + ALists[x - 1].ToString();
s = s + y.ToString();
return s;
}
///
/// 给单元格赋值1
///
///
行号
///
列号
///
对齐（CENTER、LEFT、RIGHT）
///
值
public void setValue(int y, int x, string align, string text)
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x, y), miss);
range.set_Value(miss, text);
if (align.ToUpper() == "CENTER")
{
range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;
}
if (align.ToUpper() == "LEFT")
{
range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
}
if (align.ToUpper() == "RIGHT")
{
range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignRight;
}
}
///
/// 给单元格赋值2
///
///
行号
///
列号
///
值
public void setValue(int y, int x, string text)
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x, y), miss);
range.set_Value(miss, text);
}
///
/// 给单元格赋值3
///
///
行号
///
列号
///
值
///
字符格式
///
颜色
public void setValue(int y, int x, string text, System.Drawing.Font font, int color)
{
this.setValue(x, y, text);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x, y), miss);
range.Font.Size = font.Size;
range.Font.Bold = font.Bold;
//这里是int型的颜色
range.Font.Color = ColorTranslator.ToOle(ColorTranslator.FromWin32(color));
range.Font.Name = font.Name;
range.Font.Italic = font.Italic;
range.Font.Underline = font.Underline;
}
///
/// 给单元格赋值3
///
///
行号
///
列号
///
值
///
字符格式
///
颜色
public void setValue(int y, int x, string text, System.Drawing.Font font, int color, string align)
{
this.setValue(x, y, text);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x, y), miss);
range.Font.Size = font.Size;
range.Font.Bold = font.Bold;
//这里是int型的颜色
range.Font.Color = ColorTranslator.ToOle(ColorTranslator.FromWin32(color));
range.Font.Name = font.Name;
range.Font.Italic = font.Italic;
range.Font.Underline = font.Underline;
if (align.ToUpper() == "CENTER")
{
range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;
}
if (align.ToUpper() == "LEFT")
{
range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
}
if (align.ToUpper() == "RIGHT")
{
range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignRight;
}
}
///
/// 插入新行
///
///
模板行号
public void insertRow(int y)
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(GetAix(1, y), GetAix(255, y));
range.Copy(miss);
range.Insert(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, miss);
range.get_Range(GetAix(1, y), GetAix(255, y));
range.Select();
sheet.Paste(miss, miss);
}
///
/// 把剪切内容粘贴到当前区域
///
public void paste()
{
string s = "a,b,c,d,e,f,g";
sheet.Paste(sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(10, 10), miss), s);
}
///
/// 设置边框
///
///
///
///
///
///
public void setBorder(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int Width)
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x1, y1), this.GetAix(x2, y2));
range.Borders.Weight = Width;
}
public void mergeCell(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x1, y1), this.GetAix(x2, y2));
range.Merge(true);
}
public Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range getRange(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range = sheet.get_Range(this.GetAix(x1, y1), this.GetAix(x2, y2));
return range;
}
private object miss = Missing.Value; //忽略的参数OLENULL
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application m_objExcel;//Excel应用程序实例
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks;//工作表集合
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook m_objBook;//当前操作的工作表
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet sheet;//当前操作的表格
public Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet CurrentSheet
{
get
{
return sheet;
}
set
{
this.sheet = value;
}
}
public Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks CurrentWorkBooks
{
get
{
return this.m_objBooks;
}
set
{
this.m_objBooks = value;
}
}
public Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook CurrentWorkBook
{
get
{
return this.m_objBook;
}
set
{
this.m_objBook = value;
}
}
///
/// 打开Excel文件
///
///
路径
public void OpenExcelFile(string filename)
{
UserControl(false);
m_objExcel.Workbooks.Open(filename, miss, miss, miss, miss, miss, miss, miss,
miss, miss, miss, miss, miss, miss, miss);
m_objBooks = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
m_objBook = m_objExcel.ActiveWorkbook;
sheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)m_objBook.ActiveSheet;
}
public void UserControl(bool usercontrol)
{
if (m_objExcel == null) { return; }
m_objExcel.UserControl = usercontrol;
m_objExcel.DisplayAlerts = usercontrol;
m_objExcel.Visible = usercontrol;
}
public void CreateExceFile()
{
UserControl(false);
m_objBooks = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
m_objBook = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(miss));
sheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)m_objBook.ActiveSheet;
}
public void SaveAs(string FileName)
{
m_objBook.SaveAs(FileName, miss, miss, miss, miss,
miss, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange,
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveConflictResolution.xlLocalSessionChanges,
miss, miss, miss, miss);
//m_objBook.Close(false, miss, miss);
}
public void ReleaseExcel()
{
m_objExcel.Quit();
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)m_objExcel);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)m_objBooks);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)m_objBook);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject((object)sheet);
sheet = null;
m_objBook = null;
m_objBooks = null;
m_objExcel = null;
GC.Collect(0);
}
#region KillAllExcel
public bool KillAllExcel()
{
try
{
if (m_objExcel != null) // isRunning是判断xlApp是怎么启动的flag.
{
m_objExcel.Quit();
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objExcel);
//释放COM组件，其实就是将其引用计数减1
//System.Diagnostics.Process theProc;
foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process theProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("EXCEL"))
{
//先关闭图形窗口。如果关闭失败...有的时候在状态里看不到图形窗口的excel了，
//但是在进程里仍然有EXCEL.EXE的进程存在，那么就需要杀掉它:p
if (theProc.CloseMainWindow() == false)
{
theProc.Kill();
}
}
m_objExcel = null;
return true;
}
}
catch
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
#endregion
#region Kill Special Excel Process
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId);
//推荐这个方法，找了很久，不容易啊
public void KillSpecialExcel()
{
try
{
if (m_objExcel != null)
{
int lpdwProcessId;
GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(m_objExcel.Hwnd), out lpdwProcessId);
System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(lpdwProcessId).Kill();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Delete Excel Process Error:" + ex.Message);
}
}
#endregion
}
}
看一个例子：最关键的就是KillSpecialExcel()这个方法,找到Excel的进程ID,然后杀死这个进程。
断断续续找了很久，终于发现了这个方法。
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
MSExcel mexc = new MSExcel();
mexc.CreateExceFile();
mexc.insertRow(1);//注意从1开始的
int col = (256 * 256 * 255) + (256 * 192) + 192;//颜色
mexc.setValue(1, 1, "Demo", new Font("Arial", 18), col,"center");//设置单元格内容和样式
mexc.mergeCell(1, 1, 4, 1);//合并单元格
for (int i = 2; i <= 101; i++)
{
mexc.insertRow(i);//插入行
for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++)//注意从1开始的
{
mexc.setValue(i, j, i + "--" + j);//设置单元格内容
}
}
mexc.SaveAs(@"d:\demo.xls");//保存文件
mexc.KillSpecialExcel();//关闭创建的Excel进程
}
这似乎是一个完美的解决方案了，但是速度实在不敢保证，而且耗费的内存和CPU资源也比较多。其它方面还没有测试，有兴趣的话可以自己试试。
对于用户少较少的应用还可以凑合，并发多了，真不敢想象。
以前还用过生成csv文件的方法，但是格式没办法设置；
我想能不能直接构建excel的代码格式，然后保存成.xls,但是一直还没有成功。