一.前言
(1).由于miui等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理,没有相关api,故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在android 6.0之后,新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态;
(2).我们指定targetsdkversion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要,因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetsdkversion飙到了最新,然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃,这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting api 为23或者之后的app发布到了google play上,这更是一个问题,你无法立即把那个apk的targeting api替换成更早的版本。
二.权限分析
从android6.0开始,权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组,一个权限授权之后,该组下的权限均可使用。
(1)普通权限
只需要在xml申请即可,使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时,会默认获得许可。
(2)许可权限
可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g
同一组的任何一个权限被授权了,其他权限也自动被授权。例如,一旦write_contacts被授权了,app也有read_contacts和get_accounts了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是activity的checkselfpermission和requestpermissions,这些方法api23引入。
三.相关方法
(1).contextcompat.checkselfpermission()
检查应用是否拥有该权限,被授权返回值为permission_granted,否则返回permission_denied
(2).activitycompat.requestpermissions()
将弹出请求授权对话框,这个方法在m之前版本调用,onrequestpermissionsresultcallback 直接被调用,带着正确的 permission_granted或者 permission_denied 。
(3).appcompatactivity.onrequestpermissionsresult()
该方法类似于activity的onactivityresult()的回调方法,主要接收请求授权的返回值
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//版本判断
if (build.version.sdk_int >= 23 ) {
//减少是否拥有权限
int checkcallphonepermission = contextcompat.checkselfpermission(getapplicationcontext(), permission);
if (checkcallphonepermission != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
//弹出对话框接收权限
activitycompat.requestpermissions(baseactivity. this , new string[]{permission}, id);
return ;
}
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@override
public void onrequestpermissionsresult( int requestcode, @nonnull string[] permissions, @nonnull int [] grantresults) {
super .onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
if (grantresults[ 0 ] == packagemanager.permission_granted) {
//todo:已授权
} else {
//todo:用户拒绝
}
}
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(4).封装
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public class baseactivity extends appcompatactivity {
private map<integer, runnable> allowablepermissionrunnables = new hashmap<>();
private map<integer, runnable> disallowablepermissionrunnables = new hashmap<>();
@override
protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
super .oncreate(savedinstancestate);
}
/**
* 请求权限
* @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可
* @param permission 请求的权限
* @param allowablerunnable 同意授权后的操作
* @param disallowablerunnable 禁止权限后的操作
*/
protected void requestpermission( int id, string permission, runnable allowablerunnable, runnable disallowablerunnable) {
if (allowablerunnable == null ) {
throw new illegalargumentexception( "allowablerunnable == null" );
}
allowablepermissionrunnables.put(id, allowablerunnable);
if (disallowablerunnable != null ) {
disallowablepermissionrunnables.put(id, disallowablerunnable);
}
//版本判断
if (build.version.sdk_int >= 23 ) {
//减少是否拥有权限
int checkcallphonepermission = contextcompat.checkselfpermission(getapplicationcontext(), permission);
if (checkcallphonepermission != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
//弹出对话框接收权限
activitycompat.requestpermissions(baseactivity. this , new string[]{permission}, id);
return ;
} else {
allowablerunnable.run();
}
} else {
allowablerunnable.run();
}
}
@override
public void onrequestpermissionsresult( int requestcode, @nonnull string[] permissions, @nonnull int [] grantresults) {
super .onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
if (grantresults[ 0 ] == packagemanager.permission_granted) {
runnable allowrun = allowablepermissionrunnables.get(requestcode);
allowrun.run();
} else {
runnable disallowrun = disallowablepermissionrunnables.get(requestcode);
disallowrun.run();
}
}
}
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public class mainactivity extends baseactivity implements view.onclicklistener{
private button btcallphone;
private button btcontact;
@override
protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
super .oncreate(savedinstancestate);
setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);
btcallphone = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.call_phone);
btcontact = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.contact);
btcallphone.setonclicklistener( this );
btcontact.setonclicklistener( this );
}
@override
public void onclick(view v) {
if (v == btcallphone){
//拨打电话
requestpermission( 1 , manifest.permission.call_phone, new runnable() {
@override
public void run() {
callphone();
}
}, new runnable() {
@override
public void run() {
callphonedenied();
}
});
} else if (v == btcontact){
//读取联系人信息
requestpermission( 2 , manifest.permission.write_contacts, new runnable() {
@override
public void run() {
readcontact();
}
}, new runnable() {
@override
public void run() {
readcontactdenied();
}
});
}
}
private void callphone() {
toast.maketext(mainactivity. this , "call_phone ok" , toast.length_short)
.show();
}
private void callphonedenied() {
toast.maketext(mainactivity. this , "call_phone denied" , toast.length_short)
.show();
}
private void readcontact() {
contentresolver cr = getcontentresolver();
string str[] = {contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.contact_id, contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.display_name, contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.number,
contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.photo_id};
cursor cur = cr.query(
contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.content_uri, str, null ,
null , null );
int count = cur.getcount();
cur.close();
toast.maketext(mainactivity. this , string.format( "发现%s条" , count), toast.length_short)
.show();
}
private void readcontactdenied() {
toast.maketext(mainactivity. this , "contact denied" , toast.length_short)
.show();
}
}
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以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。