Android获取设备隐私 忽略6.0权限管理

时间:2022-08-28 13:28:53

一.前言
(1).由于miui等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理,没有相关api,故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在android 6.0之后,新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态;
(2).我们指定targetsdkversion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要,因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetsdkversion飙到了最新,然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃,这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting api 为23或者之后的app发布到了google play上,这更是一个问题,你无法立即把那个apk的targeting api替换成更早的版本。

二.权限分析
从android6.0开始,权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组,一个权限授权之后,该组下的权限均可使用。
(1)普通权限
只需要在xml申请即可,使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时,会默认获得许可。
(2)许可权限
可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

Android获取设备隐私 忽略6.0权限管理

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了,其他权限也自动被授权。例如,一旦write_contacts被授权了,app也有read_contacts和get_accounts了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是activity的checkselfpermission和requestpermissions,这些方法api23引入。

三.相关方法
(1).contextcompat.checkselfpermission()
检查应用是否拥有该权限,被授权返回值为permission_granted,否则返回permission_denied
(2).activitycompat.requestpermissions()
将弹出请求授权对话框,这个方法在m之前版本调用,onrequestpermissionsresultcallback 直接被调用,带着正确的 permission_granted或者 permission_denied 。
(3).appcompatactivity.onrequestpermissionsresult()
该方法类似于activity的onactivityresult()的回调方法,主要接收请求授权的返回值

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//版本判断
if (build.version.sdk_int >= 23) {
  //减少是否拥有权限
  int checkcallphonepermission = contextcompat.checkselfpermission(getapplicationcontext(), permission);
  if (checkcallphonepermission != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
    //弹出对话框接收权限
    activitycompat.requestpermissions(baseactivity.this, new string[]{permission}, id);
    return;
}
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@override
public void onrequestpermissionsresult(int requestcode, @nonnull string[] permissions, @nonnull int[] grantresults) {
  super.onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
 
  if (grantresults[0] == packagemanager.permission_granted) {
    //todo:已授权
  } else {
    //todo:用户拒绝
  }
}

(4).封装

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public class baseactivity extends appcompatactivity {
  private map<integer, runnable> allowablepermissionrunnables = new hashmap<>();
  private map<integer, runnable> disallowablepermissionrunnables = new hashmap<>();
 
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
  }
 
  /**
   * 请求权限
   * @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可
   * @param permission 请求的权限
   * @param allowablerunnable 同意授权后的操作
   * @param disallowablerunnable 禁止权限后的操作
   */
  protected void requestpermission(int id, string permission, runnable allowablerunnable, runnable disallowablerunnable) {
    if (allowablerunnable == null) {
      throw new illegalargumentexception("allowablerunnable == null");
    }
 
    allowablepermissionrunnables.put(id, allowablerunnable);
    if (disallowablerunnable != null) {
      disallowablepermissionrunnables.put(id, disallowablerunnable);
    }
 
    //版本判断
    if (build.version.sdk_int >= 23) {
      //减少是否拥有权限
      int checkcallphonepermission = contextcompat.checkselfpermission(getapplicationcontext(), permission);
      if (checkcallphonepermission != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
        //弹出对话框接收权限
        activitycompat.requestpermissions(baseactivity.this, new string[]{permission}, id);
        return;
      } else {
        allowablerunnable.run();
      }
    } else {
      allowablerunnable.run();
    }
  }
 
  @override
  public void onrequestpermissionsresult(int requestcode, @nonnull string[] permissions, @nonnull int[] grantresults) {
    super.onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
 
    if (grantresults[0] == packagemanager.permission_granted) {
      runnable allowrun = allowablepermissionrunnables.get(requestcode);
      allowrun.run();
    } else {
      runnable disallowrun = disallowablepermissionrunnables.get(requestcode);
      disallowrun.run();
    }
  }
}
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public class mainactivity extends baseactivity implements view.onclicklistener{
  private button btcallphone;
  private button btcontact;
 
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);
 
    btcallphone = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.call_phone);
    btcontact = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.contact);
 
    btcallphone.setonclicklistener(this);
    btcontact.setonclicklistener(this);
  }
 
  @override
  public void onclick(view v) {
    if(v == btcallphone){
      //拨打电话
      requestpermission(1, manifest.permission.call_phone, new runnable() {
        @override
        public void run() {
          callphone();
        }
      }, new runnable() {
        @override
        public void run() {
          callphonedenied();
        }
      });
    }else if(v == btcontact){
      //读取联系人信息
      requestpermission(2, manifest.permission.write_contacts, new runnable() {
        @override
        public void run() {
          readcontact();
        }
      }, new runnable() {
        @override
        public void run() {
          readcontactdenied();
        }
      });
    }
  }
 
  private void callphone() {
    toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "call_phone ok", toast.length_short)
        .show();
  }
 
  private void callphonedenied() {
    toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "call_phone denied", toast.length_short)
        .show();
  }
 
  private void readcontact() {
    contentresolver cr = getcontentresolver();
    string str[] = {contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.contact_id, contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.display_name, contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.number,
        contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.photo_id};
    cursor cur = cr.query(
        contactscontract.commondatakinds.phone.content_uri, str, null,
        null, null);
    int count = cur.getcount();
    cur.close();
 
    toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, string.format("发现%s条", count), toast.length_short)
        .show();
  }
 
  private void readcontactdenied() {
    toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "contact denied", toast.length_short)
        .show();
  }
}

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。