安装路径：/application/mysql-5.5.56
1.前期准备
mysql依赖
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libaio
yum install -y libaio
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创建用户mysql，以该用户的身份执行mysql
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useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql
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下载mysql二进制包并解压
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cd /tools
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxf mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/
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切换到/application目录，将mysql文件夹名改短,给mysql目录做一个软链接
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cd /application/
mv mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.5.56
ln -s mysql-5.5.56/ mysql
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递归设置mysql目录的所属组和所属用户
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chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.5.56/
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2.mysql目录内操作
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cd mysql
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初始化数据库
会在mysql目录内生成一个data目录，存放数据库的目录
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./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
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更改所属用户和组
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chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data
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除了mysql目录下的data目录所属用户不变，其他所有文件的所属用户改为root
拷贝配置文件
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cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
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将mysql的配置文件拷贝为/etc/目录下的my.cnf
修改配置文件
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sed -i 28i'log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error' /etc/my.cnf
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在配置文件插入了一行，进行配置错误日志
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/etc/my.cnf Content:
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,
# MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
#
# where you replace , , by quoted strings and
# by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host =
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user =
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port =
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
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拷贝启动程序
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cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
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将mysql的启动程序拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下，以便启动程序
编辑启动文件，配置启动目录
方法一：
思路是给配置文件提供的变量进行赋值。较麻烦。
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sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/basedir=\ndatadir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql\ndatadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql
sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/mysqld_pid_file_path=\n/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysqld.pid\n/g' /etc/init.d/mysql
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等价于将45、46两行
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basedir=
datadir=
mysqld_pid_file_path=
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替换成
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basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/application/mysql/data
mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid
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方法二(推荐)：
思路是将脚本的默认地址(/usr/local/mysql)直接替换成自定义路径(/application/mysql)，便不用给变量赋值
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sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql
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到这里mysql安装完成可以正常启动
3.后期结尾
命令创建软链接
将mysql命令创建软链接到环境变量的目录，使用户可以在变量找到相应的命令
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ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin
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设置与修改密码
第一次设置密码：
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mysqladmin -u'' password ''
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例子：
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mysqladmin -u'root' password 'PassWord'
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往后修改密码：
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mysqladmin -u'' -p'' password ''
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例子：
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mysqladmin -u'root' -p'PassWord' password 'NewPassWord'
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登录mysql
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$ mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
...
mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台
$ mysql -uroot -pPassWord
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
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mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台
$ mysql -u'root' -p
Enter password: #这里输入用户的密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
...
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mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台
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$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #这里输入用户的密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
...
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mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台
键入quit或Ctrl + d退出mysql环境
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mysql> quit
Bye
[root@www mysql]#
or
mysql> ^DBye
[root@www mysql]#
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4.常用命令
进入mysql
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mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'
mysql -uroot -pPassWord
mysql -u'root' -p
mysql -uroot -p
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启动mysql
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service mysql start
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停止mysql
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service mysql stop
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重启mysql
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service mysql restart
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以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Mysql 5.5.56版本（二进制包安装）自定义安装路径步骤记录，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持！
原文链接：http://www.2cto.com/database/201707/654708.html