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1.搭建环境
Struts2:2.5.10
Spring:4.3.8.RELEASE
注意:其他版本在某些特性的使用上可能稍微存在差别
2.准备工作
使用Eclipse或IDEA创建一个maven项目,本次SSH的框架搭建主要以注解方式实现为主。
3.Spring和Struts2整合
整合内容:此整合主要是将Struts2的Action的创建工作交由Spring进行统一管理,主要是使用Spring的控制反转和依赖注入功能。
3.1 首先引入Spring和Struts2的核心jar包,又因本项目是web项目,因此还需因为spring-web.jar包,以及Spring和Struts2整合所需的struts2-spring-plugin.jar。
struts2-spring-plugin.jar必须放在Spring依赖后面,原因可以参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiyese153/p/6972030.html
所以需要在pom.xml中引入四个jar包的依赖(这四个jar包的相关依赖maven会自动帮我们引入,所以不需我们配置)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.ssh</groupId>
<artifactId>SSH</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties>
<!-- 统一源码的编码方式 -->
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- 统一各个框架版本 -->
<struts.version>2.5.10</struts.version>
<spring.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<!-- Junit依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring 核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring web依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Struts2 核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>${struts.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Struts2和Spring整合依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${struts.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<!-- 统一源代码编译输出的JDK版本 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 打包时跳过单元测试 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.19.1</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 集成Tomcat插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<path>/${project.artifactId}</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>
3.2 在web.xml中配置Struts2过滤器和Spring的监听器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0"> <welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <!-- 配置Struts2过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <!-- 配置Spring的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener> <!-- 指定Spring配置文件所在路径 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param> </web-app>
3.3 创建一个测试页面index.jsp(新增商品界面)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>新增商品界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>新增商品</h1>
<s:actionmessage/>
<s:form action="product_save" method="post" namespace="/" theme="simple">
<table width="600px">
<tr>
<th>商品名称</th>
<td><s:textfield name="pname"/></td>
<td><font color="red"><s:fielderror fieldName="pname"/></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>商品价格</th>
<td><s:textfield name="price"/></td>
<td><font color="red"><s:fielderror fieldName="price"/></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="保存"/>
</th>
<th> </th>
</tr>
</table>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
3.4 创建商品的实体类(Product.java)
package org.ssh.product.model; public class Product { private int pid;// 商品ID
private String pname;// 商品名称
private double price;// 商品价格 public int getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(int pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public String getPname() {
return pname;
}
public void setPname(String pname) {
this.pname = pname;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
} }
3.5 创建商品操作控制层(ProductAction.java)
package org.ssh.product.action; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; /**
* 商品操作-控制层
*
*/
public class ProductAction extends ActionSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String pname;
private double price; /**
* 保存商品操作
*
* @return
*/
public String saveProduct() { System.out.println(pname);
this.addActionMessage("保存成功...");
return SUCCESS; } public String getPname() {
return pname;
} public void setPname(String pname) {
this.pname = pname;
} public double getPrice() {
return price;
} public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
} @Override
public void validate() { if(pname == null || "".equals(pname.trim())) {
this.addFieldError("pname", "商品名称不能为空");
} } }
3.6 创建struts.xml,并创建Struts2的资源文件messageResource.properties
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts> <!-- 默认访问页面 -->
<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<default-action-ref name="default"/>
<action name="default">
<result>/WEB-INF/view/index.jsp</result>
</action>
</package> <!-- 商品相关请求转发 -->
<!-- Struts2在2.5版本后添加strict-method-invocation(严格方法访问),默认为true,不能使用动态方法调用功能,故需设为false -->
<package name="product" extends="struts-default" namespace="/" strict-method-invocation="false">
<!-- 保存商品 -->
<action name="product_*" class="productAction" method="{1}Product">
<result>WEB-INF/view/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">WEB-INF/view/index.jsp</result>
</action>
</package> <!-- 引入资源文件 -->
<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="messageResource"></constant> </struts>
messageResource.properties
invalid.fieldvalue.price = \u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u8f93\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u8bef
3.7 创建applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 开启包扫描,并注册注解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.ssh.*"/> </beans>
3.8 当开启包扫描后,需要给相应的类添加注解,所以ProdcutAction.java添加@Controller注解;此时Action已交由Spring进行管理。但是Struts2对Action的默认作用域是多实例的(prototype),而Spring默认Bean的作用域是单实例的,所以需设置Action的作用域为多实例的。两者区别可参考http://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiyese153/p/6970683.html
3.9 此时Action的创建应该交由Spring进行管理,所以将struts.xml中的class改为productAction(@Controller未指定名称,因此默认类名首字母小写)
3.10 启动项目,查看结果
1) 启动
2)数据正常
3)数据格式错误
至此,Spring和Struts2的整合完成。接下来要进行Spring和Hibernate的整合。