详解Spring配置事务的五种方式

时间：2022-08-27 13:29:21

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是 DataSource 、TransactionManager  和 代理机制 这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

详解Spring配置事务的五种方式

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置DAO -->
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="userDao"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="transactionBase"
   class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
   lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置DAO -->
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
</bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置DAO -->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
   expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
   pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
</aop:config>
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</bean>
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

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package com.mktao.spring.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List<User> listUsers() {
return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
 }
...
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

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