有一道Python面试题, 以下代码有什么局限性,要如何修改
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def strTest(num):
s = 'Hello'
for i in range (num):
s + = 'x'
return s
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上面的代码其实可以看出:由于变量str是不变对象,每次遍历,Python都会生成新的str对象来存储新的字符串,所以num越大,创建的str对象就越多,内存消耗约大,速度越慢,性能越差。 如果要改变上面的问题,可以变字符串拼接为join联合的方式,代码如下:
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def strTest2(num):
s = 'Hello'
l = list (s)
for i in range (num):
l.append( 'x' )
return ''.join(l)
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下面两种不同处理方式,运行速度的比较:
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>>> def strTest1(num):
... s = 'Hello'
... for i in range (num):
... s + = 'x'
... return s
>>> def strTest2(num):
... s = 'Hello'
... l = list (s)
... for i in range (num):
... l.append(s)
... return ''.join(l)
>>>
>>> from timeit import timeit
# 运行10万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(100000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
0.016680980406363233
>>> timeit( "strTest2(100000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
0.009688869110618725
# 运行100万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(1000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
0.14558920607187195
>>> timeit( "strTest2(1000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
0.1335057276853462
# 运行1000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(10000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
5.9497953107860475
>>> timeit( "strTest2(10000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
1.3268972136649921
# 运行2000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(20000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
21.661270140499056
>>> timeit( "strTest2(20000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
2.6981786518920217
# 运行3000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(30000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
49.858089123966295
>>> timeit( "strTest2(30000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
4.285787770209481
# 运行4000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(40000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
86.67876273457563
>>> timeit( "strTest2(40000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
5.328653452047092
# 运行5000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(50000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
130.59138063819023
>>> timeit( "strTest2(50000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
6.8375931077291625
# 运行6000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(60000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
188.28227241975003
>>> timeit( "strTest2(60000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
8.080144489401846
# 运行7000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(70000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
256.54383904350277
>>> timeit( "strTest2(70000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
9.387400816458012
# 运行8000万级别数据,运行速度比对
>>> timeit( "strTest1(80000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest1" , number = 1 )
333.7185806572388
>>> timeit( "strTest2(80000000)" , setup = "from __main__ import strTest2" , number = 1 )
10.946627677462857
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从上面的比对数据可以看出,当数据比较小的时候,两者差别不大,当数据越大,两者性能差距就越大。从而可以看出,字符串拼接的方式一旦碰到大数据处理的时候,性能是非常慢的。
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Jerry_1126/article/details/86584936